唐朝“时政记”的修撰

作为实录类史学体裁 ,时政记由唐朝武则天时宰相姚所创设。时政记一般由当值宰相记录皇帝“谟训”以付史官 ,不仅对历史记录的真实性 ,而且对历史记录的完整性都有裨益。时政记的修撰在唐代屡有兴废、变化 ,对后世史学的发展影响甚大。     

Wissenschaftsstädte – Zur Bedeutung des Topos der ‘kreativen Stadt’ für die Wissensproduktion

Science Cities: What the Concept of the Creative City Means for Knowledge Production. – The article aims to show that the relationship of science and the city has changed since the 1970s in the context of the knowledgeable society. While cities have principally been regarded as the typical space of science, of new ideas and innovation for centuries, since the 1960s and 1970s universities, research institutes as well as industrial research institutes have relocated to the periphery of cities. There, however, these sites of knowledge have been organized in an ‘urban mode’. That means that the concept of the city as a place of science and innovation has determined the architectural, spatial, and social organization of these sites on the periphery of cities. Certain features of the city have been copied, such as social infrastructures, places of communication, restaurants, cafes etc., while others have been left out – housing, cinema, theatre etc. An ‘urban mode of knowledge production’ in the sense of a very stylized model of the city has become a tool to enhance the production of scientific and technological knowledge. – The article exemplifies this by focusing on a case study, namely of the so‐called ‘Science City’ of the Siemens Company in Munich‐Neuperlach.     

论我国《合同法》关于违约金责任的规定

违约金是一种重要的违约责任的实现方式。自《合同法》颁布以来,理论界和司法实践中,围绕着《合同法》第114条关于违约金责任的规定进行了激烈的争论,至今未形成一致的意见。本文认为,我国《合同法》中的约定违约金,既具有惩罚性也具有赔偿性。两种不同性质的违约金与损害赔偿、定金等违约责任的其他承担形式的关系也各自不同。应当承认存在单纯的惩罚性违约金,立法上应当清楚地界定两种性质违约金的区别,以消除理论认识上的矛盾和司法实践中的混乱。     

Book reviews

CHINA

MELISSA SCHRIFT. Biography of a Chairman Mao Badge: the Creation and Mass Consumption of a Personality Cult. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001. 214 pp. Bibliography, index. US$52.00, hardcover; US$20.00, paper.

WM. THEODORE DE BARY and TU WEIMING (eds). Confucianism and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 327 pp. US$20.50, paper.

MICHAEL B. McELROY, CHRIS P. NIELSEN AND PETER LYDON (eds). Energizing China: reconciling Environmental Protection and Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. xvii, 719 pp. Tables, figures, biographical notes, index. US$25.00, paper.

SHUMEI SHIH. The Lure of the Modern: writing Modernism in Semicolonial China 1917–1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. xiii, 427 pp. US$60.00, hardcover; US$24.95, paper.

SUSAN MANN and YU‐YIN CHENG (eds). Under Confucian Eyes: writings on Gender in Chinese History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 323 pp. Illustrations. US$50.00, hardcover; US$19.95, paper.

SOUTH, WEST & CENTRAL ASIA

ARUN AGRAWAL and K. SIVARAMAKRISHNAN (eds). Agrarian Environments: Resources, Representation, and Rule in India. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2000. 316 pp. Foreword by James Scott, introduction, tables, endnotes, bibliography, index. US$59.95, hardcover; US$19.95, paper.

K. J. JOSEPH. Industry under Economic Liberalization: the Case of Indian Electronics. New Delhi: Sage, 1997. 242 pp. Rs450/US$21.00, hardcover.

PETER P. MOLLINGA (ed). Water for Food and Rural Development: approaches and Initiatives in South Asia. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. 377 pp. Rs 495, hardcover.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

M. RAMESH with MUKUL G. ASHER. Welfare Capitalism in Southeast Asia: social Security, Health and Education Policies. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000. xii, 217 pp. £50.00, hardcover.

DAVID M. AYRES. Anatomy of a Crisis: education, Development and the State in Cambodia, 1953–1998. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000. 256 pp. US$52.00, hardcover.

MARTIN STUART‐FOX. Historical Dictionary of Laos , second edition. Lanham, Maryland and London: Scarecrow Press, 2001. 527 pp. US$75.00, hardcover.

SINITH SITTIRAK. The Daughters of Development: women in a Changing Environment. London and New York: Zed Books, 1998. ix, 153 pp. Bibliography, index. ISBN 1–876756‐00–4. A$39.95, paper.     

民国时期华侨高等教育的兴起与发展——以暨南大学为例

华侨高等教育是我国高等教育独特而又不可或缺的重要部分,她的产生、形成、嬗变和发展经历了相当长的一段历史。在这段长期的历史进程中,民国时期是华侨高等教育兴起与发展的重要时期。国民政府将暨南学校升格为国立暨南大学,开辟了华侨高等教育新的纪元。政府对一所高校的举措,从一个重要侧面反映了当时社会政治、经济、文化和教育的状况。研究暨南学校走向国立暨南大学,华侨基础教育发展成为华侨高等教育的内在因素和外在条件,探讨侨务政策与华侨教育之间的关系,对于认识与改进今日之华侨高等教育有着很大的现实意义。     

1915-1916年救国储金运动结局述略

中日“二十一条”交涉期间,由民间发起,旨在“藉民力为政府后盾”的救国储金运动,在经历了迅速发展后,急剧衰落。为总结经验、共商良策,1915年9月9日,全国储金团各省代表联合会在上海召开。会议做出了继续推进储金运动的决定,但这没有得到上海民众的支持。民众要求发还到期储金,上海储金团陷入两难困境。衡量利弊后,储金团决定发还到期储金。然而,储金发还波澜横生,各地对上海此举褒贬不一。面对指责,上海储金团与民众做出不同回应。北京、天津等储金团试图力挽狂澜,但终归失败。1916年8月各地储金相继发还,运动宣告结束。     

小泉政府力促联合国改革的玄机

2005年是联合国改革年,小泉政府籍此推进其联合国改革外交,把删除敌国条款和加入常任理事国作为其主要目标。从国家利益出发,日本提出自己的联合国改革方案:恢复联大生机与活力、改革安理会、改革秘书处、修改敌国条款、重新考虑联合国会费分摊及增加联合国日本工作人员数量等。但由于联合国改革本身的复杂性和小泉政府的强硬外交路线,其联合国改革方案能否实现及落实程度仍未可知。     

“诺维科夫报告”与冷战初期的苏联外交政策

1946年苏联驻美大使诺维科夫撰写了一份题为《战后美国外交政策》的报告,这份报告在一定程度上反映了苏联政府对当时世界局势的判断,对冷战爆发前的苏联对外政策产生了某种影响作用。中外学术界对这份报告颇为关注,本文认为如果把诺维科夫报告视为苏联在战后初期外交政策的纲领性文件同凯南的“八千字长电报”相提并论是不确切的。     

中国传统工商业城市在近代的衰落

Resulted from different causes, the majority of traditional cities in modern China underwent a decline in various degrees. The causes of the decline of Suzhou, Hangzhou, and Yangzhou which have started to develop their new industry and commerce since mid-Qing Dynasty lies in such aspects as: the lose of transportation superiority in modern China; the fatal destruction caused by Taiping Revolution; the affects of the rising of Shanghai; the recession of traditional economy and slowed development of new economy; and the conservatism in thinking and ideas etc. Translated by Huang Bangfu from Xinan Minzu Daxue Xuebao 西南民族大学学报 (Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities), 2007, (4): 1–11     

王原祁《仿高房山山水图》与《仿高克恭山水图》真伪辨

清初的画坛以“四王吴恽”。为首,他们占据着清初画坛的正统地位。相对来说,“四王”中的王辈与王原祁,在绘画艺术上取得了较大的成就,如王翠开创了“虞山派”、王原祁开创了“娄东派”。他们对清代山水画的发展产生过重大影响,影响整个清代山水画三百年。