Estimating the number of components in an OSL decay curve using the Bayesian Information Criterion

The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) decay curve is assumed to consist of a number of first-order exponential components. Improper estimation of the number of components leads to under-or over-fitting of the curve under consideration. Hence, correct estimation of the number of components is important to accurately analyze an OSL decay curve. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using the Bayesian Information Criterion to estimate the optimal number of components in an OSL decay curve. We tested the reliability of this method using several hundred measured decay curves and three simulation scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the quality of the identification can be influenced by several factors: the measurement time and the number of channels; the variability of the decay constants; and the signal-to-noise ratios of a decaying component. The results also suggest that the Bayesian Information Criterion has great potential to estimate the number of components in an OSL decay curve with a moderate to high signal-to-noise ratio.     

楠溪江流域宗族与学术高峰

在地理环境相对封闭的楠溪江流域,以血缘宗族为纽带沿江分布的古村落群,在宋代已经形成了基本的格局。发展至今,多数古村落已绵延数百年,创造出了独具特色的宗族文化。在流域宗族文化形成的同时,学术文化也迅速发展,至宋时达到高峰,出现了文化繁荣、政治显赫的时代,形成永嘉事功学派。     

战争话语下的草根文化——论抗战时期山西革命根据地的民间小戏

民间小戏,作为草根文化的代表,其产生、发展、兴盛与乡村社会有着直接而紧密的联系,较真实地反映了社会生活的多元图景。抗战爆发后,政治的强大力量渗透到乡村社会,对乡村戏剧的改造就是其中之一。处于战争话语下的民间小戏在结构和内容方面都随之发生了深刻变化,娱乐功能的主导地位被政治教化功能所取代。政治开始以一种前所未有的方式介入到民间文艺中,融入到乡村生活中。本文以抗战时期山西革命根据地的民间小戏为考察对象,分析了战争话语下草根文化在内容、形式和功能方面的转变及其与政治在乡村社会的结合。     

穿越开罗千年老城

作为“世界之母”的开罗吸引着大批的外国人。19世纪和20世纪初,欧美各国的人把这里当作气候温和的冬季运动场。现在海湾地区的阿拉伯人为了远离沙特阿拉伯和科威特的炎热,每年夏天都到这里避暑。对于他们来说,开罗是阿拉伯的好莱坞和“大苹果城” (美国纽约市的绰号)。     

知识不确定性条件下的学科组织结构变革——读沃勒斯坦《知识的不确定性》

现如今,“不确定性”开始成为学术界的一个热门话题。学术界对非确定性表现出浓厚的兴趣,这一方面反映了我们对自身生存状况所做的新的理解和把握,另一方面也反映了我们对知识问题进行了更为深人的反思。美国社会学家、历史学家和政治学家伊曼纽尔&;#183;沃勒斯坦的《知识的不确定性》（山东大学出版社2006年版）一书就属于后一种类型。该书从学科组织结构发展的角度出发,通过对知识活动的哲学前提和知识结构社会背景的深人考察,向我们展现了自然科学、人文学科、社会科学相互间错综复杂的关系,以及学科组织发展的前景。     

An inquiry into the causes for the multiple goals of the United States Antitrust Law from a historical perspective

It is not the case as Robert Bork claims that the U. S. antitrust law had only one goal—maximization of consumer welfare of efficiency—at the very beginning and should have been kept that way for its later development. Partly because of the fighting among different interest groups as well as spokesmen of different regions at the 51st Congress, the Sherman Antitrust Act came out as a legislation with multiple goals, which were also taking shape under the influence of the Republican idea of balance of power, the liberal belief in property rights, the freedom of contract of classic economics, and the price theory of neoclassic economics. In more than a hundred years after that, the U.S. antitrust law has shifted the center of its goals as a result of the change of regulatory regimes with different emphases such as market function, economic stabilization, social concern, and economic efficiency during different periods. From a historical perspective, it is beyond dispute that the U.S. antitrust law has had multiple goals instead of only one. __________ Translated from: Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), No.6, 2004     

杜佑《理道要诀》辑考

唐人杜佑的二百卷《通典》是古代第一部政典类著作,具有极高的文献价值,《理道要诀》十卷则是杜佑为方便阅读摘录《通典》而成的一部纲要性著述.从表面上看来,由于《理道要诀》的内容摘自《通典》,在《通典》原书尚存的情况下,该书似乎没有独立存在的文献价值.也许正是由于这个原因,明代以后,该书即已失传.