The digital restoration of painted patterns on the No. 2 Qin bronze chariot based on hyperspectral imaging

The No. 2 Qin bronze chariot unearthed from Qinshihuang's Mausoleum is world famous for its huge size and colourful painted patterns. However, since it had been buried for a long time and was affected by its harsh environment, its painted patterns have been severely damaged. The traditional restoration methods, which mainly rely on expert experience, are manual, inefficient and lack scientific support. Moreover, to protect the important cultural relics, any invasive operations, such as sampling analysis, are strictly prohibited. This paper presents a method that combines hyperspectral imaging and computer technology for the digital virtual restoration of the bronze chariot's patterns. It is non-destructive, more efficient and more scientific. The method reproduces the damaged patterns with the following approaches: restoring the missing edges of the patterns; and distinguishing the different pigments. The obtained result implies that the method can digitally reproduce some of the damaged patterns, and that it can be used as a reference for recreating the patterns of the other painted bronze.     

Insecurity and Pastoral Development in the Sahel

In this article it is argued that conventional agro-ecological and organizational concepts used in pastoral development are strongly biased towards the formulation and enforcement of norms. This leads development experts to attempts to control pastoralists and their herds. The policies and development interventions based on these assumptions have been largely unsuccessful. As a consequence attention for dryland areas and pastoral development has declined among researchers and development agencies. An important reason for this failure is the fundamental misfit between these normative concepts and the reality of dryland ecosystems and pastoral society. In order to show this, an alternative view on rangeland ecology and pastoral society is presented, supported by a case study of Fulbe pastoral society in dryland Central Mali. The authors argue that approaches to pastoral development must be revised in the direction of the dynamics inherent in the pastoral way of life.     

京西村落里的花会--庄户、千军、台古幡会

对于北京民间花会的研究,总的来说是集中在对以碧霞元君信仰为背景的妙峰山香会的研究上,而其中又以北京城的香会组织与活动为研究重点。民国时期的北京香会的研究主要有：1925年顾颉刚、孙伏园等5位学者对妙峰山庙会的实地考察,在《京报副刊》先后6期发表“妙峰山进香专号”,后于1928年9月收录另外几篇相关文章,以《妙峰山》为名结集出版。同年,李景汉根据自己的亲自考察,在《社会学杂志》上发表《妙峰山“朝顶进香”的调查》一文。1929年,顾颉刚和魏建功、白涤洲等人一起再次对妙峰山进香活动进行田野调查,后以调查专号形式在《民俗》第六九、七十合刊上发表文章9篇、附录3篇和田野照片近40幅。此外还有与妙峰山香会有关的专著两部,一是奉宽的《妙峰山琐记》,     

从朝鲜时代的宫中仪礼看遮日的功能和特性——以19世纪以后宫中宴享为中心

朝鲜时代宫中举行仪礼行事时,经常排设和使用一种名为“遮日”的能够隔断日射和降雨的幕构造设施。作者以19世纪以后宫中宴享为中心分析了遮日的功能与特性,详细探讨了遮日的构成、种类、材料和排设方式等具体特性,并对在宫中仪礼行事的举行地如何使用遮日加以推断性的复原。     

元代杭州刊刻《大藏经》与西夏的关系

蒙元时期的统治者,虽然消灭了西夏王国,但是对西夏的上层人士及西夏的僧人仍有相当宽容的民族政策,彼时原西夏王朝辖地被划为西夏中兴行中书省,宁夏路总管府,后并入甘肃行中书省.     

五代至元西安城垣范围及建制特点

本文在占有详实资料和实地考察的基础上,运用城市历史地理学方法,分析了五代至元时期与西安城(新城)督建者韩建有关的两个问题,探讨了此时期西安城的城垣范围及其建制特点,并揭示出西安城城墙、城门和城角的具体特征,从而全面地揭示了五代至元西安城垣的面貌。     

乌鲁木齐早期人类活动与城市形态演变

通过文献记载与考古研究成果,分析了乌鲁木齐早期人类活动的空间分布和唐代轮台城的兴废,并探讨了清代以来乌鲁木齐城市形态演变的规律和原因。认为军政职能是清代城池建筑的主要原因,商业贸易发展是城市形态变异的内动力,现代工业发展是形态突变的根本原因。     

密云清代满城发展及其文化资源保护利用

本文一方面分析了北京密云县清代"满城"的发展线索,对满城与驻防的关系、建造的过程、内部的结构、形成的原因以及衰落的情况等问题进行了探讨;另一方面研究了满城文化资源的保护与利用问题,提出了当前在保护满城文化资源的基础上从旅游发展的视角进行合理利用的对策思路.     

裴李岗文化的迁徙影响与早期中国文化圈的雏形

裴李岗文化强盛时对外扩张影响,将渭河流域、汉水上游和黄河中游以北地区与之紧密联系在一起;衰败时又东向迁徙,其文化因素深深渗透到黄河下游和淮北地区文化当中.正是由于地处中原核心的裴李岗文化的强大作用,才使黄河流域文化紧密连结在一起,从而于公元前第九千纪形成新石器时代的"黄河流域文化区":才使黄河下游、汉水上游、淮北甚至长江中游地区文化也与中原文化区发生较多联系,从而形成"早期中国文化圈"的雏形.     

本体的解构与重建--日本徂徕学的一个解析

日本近世徂徕学派的生成经纬,展现了“本体的解构与重建”的全过程。被它所解构的本体,在当时主要表现为朱子学的“理”。由于该理所提倡的“物理从属于道理”的基本精神与江户中后期的社会实际严重脱节,因此,徂徕学派诸子所从事的从否定“理”到重建“理”的破立工作,完成了对朱子学本体的解构与重建任务,也初步实现了对朱子学“物理从属于道理”模式的反证——使“道理从属于物理”。该转变,为日本早期近代化奠定了有别于西学的自国理论基础,也从一个侧面支持了成中英的“本体诠释学”在社会转型期所具有的哲学意义。