西安市汉长安城长乐宫六号建筑遗址

2005～2006年,中国社会科学院考古研究所汉长安城工作队对长乐宫六号宫殿遗址的主体建筑及其附属建筑进行了发掘。附属建筑分两部分,均由殿堂、廊道、散水和院落组成。从出土遗物看,该建筑始建于西汉初期并一直沿用到王莽时期。根据发掘资料并结合文献记载,六号宫殿遗址应是长乐宫的前殿旧址。     

论青海藏族传统文化与社会主义核心价值体系的和谐发展

青海藏族的传统文化作为中华文化的重要组成部分具有独特的文化思想基础,在价值追求、思想道德教育功能和社会文化功能方面与社会主义核心价值体系具有一致性,促进青海藏族传统文化与社会主义核心价值体系的和谐发展对于构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要意义。     

中国共产党人对马克思主义中国化的理论贡献

中国共产党90年的历史,就是不断推进马克思主义中国化的历史。党的几代领导集体把马克思主义普遍真理同中国革命、建设和改革实际相结合,实现了马克思主义中国化两次历史性飞跃,形成了毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系两大理论成果,推进了马克思主义中国化的理论创新。     

A Method for Selecting Ground Motions that Considers Target Response Spectrum Mean and Variance as Well as Correlation Structure

This study proposes a method for selecting ground motions from a ground motion library with response spectra that match the target response spectrum mean, variance, and correlation structures. The proposed method is conceptually simple and straightforward. In this method, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially selected from first to last. The accuracy and consistency of the proposed method are verified through comparisons of the ground motions selected using the proposed method with those selected using conventional methods. This study shows that the seismic responses of the frames vary according to ground motion selection and correlation structures.     

Seismic Rotational Displacements of Gravity Quay Walls Considering Excess Pore Pressure in Backfill Soils

The effect of excess pore pressure developed in backfill soil during earthquake is an important consideration in rotational displacement prediction of gravity quay walls. Based on Newmark’s sliding block concept and stress-based excess pore pressure model, a new method is proposed to predict the critical rotational acceleration and angular acceleration time histories considering the development process of excess pore pressure in earthquake events. Then, the rotational displacement of gravity quay walls is predicted according to the calculated angular acceleration time histories. By using the proposed method, the effects of various parameters involved in the calculation have been studied by carrying out a parameter study. Analysis results reveal that the influence of excess pore pressure on the rotational displacement of gravity quay walls with saturated backfill soil is significant, so, can not be ignored; and rotational displacement is sensitive to the magnitude of earthquake, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations of ground motion, wall and soil friction angle, and soil relative density. When the rotation and sliding of wall occur simultaneously, rotation and sliding will be inhibited by each other.     

土默特平原聚落分布形态演变及其驱动因素分析(1934—2019)

选取土默特平原1934、1982和2019年的聚落人口数据,运用GIS空间分析法,定性与定量结合分析研究区聚落分布形态演变及其驱动因素,结果表明,1934—2019年土默特平原以小聚落为主,大规模聚落数量和比例逐年增加,人口等级结构由“扁平”向“长高”金字塔形转变。聚落空间分布整体呈现集聚分布特征,大规模聚落集聚性不显著,其他规模的聚落分布模式由随机向集聚转变,研究区人口极化现象显著;聚落空间分布非均衡发展趋势明显,呈现由极核式向点轴式演变的迹象;聚落网络联系的空间近邻效应显著,人口规模较大的中心城区成为强联系节点。地形、河流、交通是研究区聚落分布形态演变的主要驱动因素,聚落低海拔、邻河流、邻干道、邻城镇的指向性强。该研究便于厘清土默特平原近百年聚落分布形态的演变脉络,为当地聚落的空间布局优化与调控提供一定参考价值。     

中国历史地貌学开创者张修桂先生学术贡献述评

张修桂先生是中国历史地貌学的开创者和中国历史自然地理学的奠基人之一。他以现代地貌学理论为指导,综合利用多源数据,辅以实地考察,深入解读有关环境变迁的历史文献,为历史地貌学创建了一套独特的研究方法、研究范式与话语体系。他对长江中下游河床地貌演变的研究,自成一体,兼具中国特色,其成果堪称中国历史地貌学的扛鼎之作。有关海河形成、黄河下游变迁、长江中下游湖泊演变及上海成陆的研究在谭其骧先生的基础上,又提出诸多见解。这些研究贯穿古今,促进并深化了我国历史地貌学的发展,是现代地理学与历史地理学的有机结合的典范,也是历史地理学科经世致用的具体体现。他还参与我国现存最早最精美汉代地图的复原和研究,为古地图的拼复提供了关键论证,确保了对该图最大限度的正确复原。他关于古地图的研究和应用亦为地图内史与外史研究奠定了一定基础。     

The History of African Village Chickens: an Archaeological and Molecular Perspective

The history of the introduction and dispersal of village chickens across the African continent is a subject of intense debate and speculation among scholars. Here, we synthesize and summarise the current scientific genetic and nongenetic knowledge in relation to the history of the species on the continent. Sociocultural, linguistic, archaeological and historic data all suggest a complex history for the species in Africa, characterized by multiple maritime and/or terrestrial introductions over time and several dispersal routes towards and within Africa. Molecular genetics information supports these observations and in addition suggests possible Asian centers of origin for African domestic chickens, including South Asia and Island Southeast Asia. However, both sets of data were until now too limited in their geographic scope, both within Africa and in comparison with chickens from Asia, to unravel the history of the species in detail. We anticipate that further continent-wide studies combining archaeological, ancient and/or modern genetic information may shed new insights on the history of the species. These will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of trading networks and human interactions within Africa and between African and Asian societies, at the root of the development and expansion of African civilizations.     

历史时期塔里木盆地南缘交通线路变迁与环境的关系

通过对古遗址、古交通线路的多年考察以及沉积剖面分析,结合历史文献和考古资料,探讨了塔里木盆地南缘汉代以来在自然与人文环境影响下交通线路变迁的特点。历史上,在汉、唐两个最为兴盛的时期,气候湿润,国家统一,中央政府统辖西域军政事物。自然与人文环境有利于发展。塔里木盆地南缘各绿洲经济发达,社会稳定,交通往来频繁,线路稳定、通畅。在此两个时期之后的阶段,自然环境干燥少雨,中央政府衰败,难以顾及和控制西域,地方政权相互角逐争斗。绿洲受多种因素影响迁移、废弃或消失过程中,交通线路变迁快。空间上,东西向的交通线路在和田河与克里雅河之间向南移动了200km左右;克里雅河与车尔臣河之间向南移动了100km左右;和田河以西移动了10-50km;而车尔臣河以东变化不大。南北向的交通线路中,沿和田河的交通线路自古以来一直有人通行,而沿克里雅河的路古代也曾是连接盆地南北的主要通道。     

曾纪泽未刊信札三通

曾纪泽(1839-1890)字劼刚,湖南湘乡人.曾国藩长子.清末著名外交官.1878年(光绪四年)任驻英、法大臣.1880年代崇厚为驻俄大臣,与沙俄谈判改约;1881年签订<伊犁条约>,收回伊犁和特克斯河地区.中法战争中主张抗法.后与英国议定洋药税厘,为清政府每年增加了几百万银两收入.其"政绩"至今仍为人所称道.