建国以来新疆人口时空动态变化特征及其成因分析

分析得出,建国以来,新疆人口年均增长率2.79%,明显高于全国平均水平1.54%,属于人口快速增长地区。各族人口增长率有很大的差距,汉族、回族和满族人口的年均增长率远高于全疆和全国同期的增长水平;维吾尔族、哈萨克族、柯尔克孜族、蒙古族、锡伯族、塔吉克族、乌孜别克族、达斡尔族人口的年均增长率,高于全国平均水平,而低于全疆平均水平;俄罗斯族和塔塔尔族人口逐年减少。新疆人口分布的空间变化规律总体分布趋势为西密东疏,北多南少;冲洪积扇缘绿洲地带多,盆地中心稀少。新疆人口密度明显增加,高值区的范围在不断扩大,低值区的范围在缩小。     

好吃:食物与文化之谜

从科学意义上讲,人类是一种杂食动物,他既吃动物食品又以植物为食。就像其他杂食动物如猪、鼠和蟑螂一样,我们可以把非常多样的物质吃进肚里,用来满足我们身体的营养需要。从难闻的乳腺分泌物到岩     

东亚稻作起源研究的新进展

农业起源是国际学术界的重大课题之一,而中国的稻作起源研究由于其丰富的材料在这方面取得了丰硕的成果,引起了世界的广泛关注。《东亚稻作起源研究的新进展》一文是加拿大著名植物考古学家加里·克劳福德和沈辰博士综合中国、日本和韩国近年来稻作考古方面的发现和研究成果所作的述评,在高度评价东亚稻作起源研究成就并赞同某些观点的同时,也提出了自己的一些看法。首先,作者赞同中国水稻的本土起源说,认为可能起源于长江中下游地区,是一种热带型粳稻。中国考古发现中未见籼稻,籼稻系起源于南亚地区。但是,对于当前所发现一些最早的水稻遗存(如玉蟾岩、彭头山、贾湖,甚至河姆渡)是否为驯化种,作者却持基本否定态度,认为仍然属于野生种,甚至没有足够的考古证据证明是人为采集利用的结果,直到较晚期的龙虬庄,水稻遗存才有了明显的人工干预迹象。农业起源是一个数千年的漫长过程,而非一种突发的事件,这也是国际学术界的主流观点。另外,作者还对中国学者对野生稻的生物分类方法提出了意见,认为目前的分类方法不够细致,还应该作进一步的划分。作者比较重视稻作起源中的技术手段,对日本学者的DNA方法表示赞赏,认为它解决了如粳、籼不同起源等方面的一些重大问题。最后,作者还提到要重视起源问题的文化和生态背景,强调了多学科系统协作的重大意义。     

喀喇汗国文学发展原因探微

喀喇汗国是回鹘史上一个极其辉煌的时期。由于生产方式的转变、多种宗教的融合等原因,这一时期的文学得到了蓬勃发展,代表作家和代表作品丰富,值得深入研究。     

A late Holocene pollen record from Lake Almalou in NW Iran: evidence for changing land-use in relation to some historical events during the last 3700 years

A pollen diagram was prepared from Lake Almalou, a volcanic crater wetland located on the eastern flanks of the Sahand Volcanic Complex in NW Iran. The core provides a 3700-year record of human activity and environmental change in an upland region. We attempt to relate vegetation changes to both climatic change and historical events. Variations of anthropogenic pollen indicators suggest several phases of intensified human activities. Two strongly expressed agricultural phases are dated at about 2450–2220 cal BP (Achaemenid Empire) and 230–30 cal BP (collapse of Safavid Dynasty to the modern period). Historical rather than climatic events appear to be the main controlling factors for upland land-use dynamics. Fruticulture has been practiced in the region at least since the Iron Age, reaching its maximum importance 1500–1250 cal BP during the reign of Sassanid Empire; it declined by the time of Islamic conquest of Iran (651 AD). The Little Ice Age is tangibly recorded by higher lake water levels most probably due to both lower summer temperatures and higher annual precipitations. Low values of cereal-type and cultivated tree pollen during this period may indicate a change in the lifestyle from the cultivation of fields and orchards to a more nomadic life dominated by summer pasture. The modern period (1850 AD onwards) is characterized by expansion of agricultural activities to upland areas and intensified pastoralism.     

The Question of Identity vis-à-vis Exoticism in Contemporary Iranian Art

This essay explores two primary concerns in the art and artistic practice of contemporary Iran, namely “identity” (i.e. local, historical, imagined and collective identity and also self-identity) and “exoticism” (which appears inevitably related to the first), both of which (identity and exoticism) involve challenges relating to the “self” and “other” and the issue of “expectation”. It suggests that these issues see broader contextual socio-political parallels. The first apprehension relates to the concept of identity which addresses how artists have interpreted contemporary aesthetics in the light of national and indigenous ideology. The second refers to the ever-present obsession with cultural and frequently social concern with which Iranian artists are engaged within the country. The two concerns are integrated, in the way that the second is seen to be the outcome of the first. Some critiques are based on the issues of cultural commodification, anti-canonical West, cultural formulation, and also the stereotypes rooted in the preference and interest of the market.     

Bons Procédés Entre Érudits

This article exposes certain functions of scientific correspondence during the second half of the 16(th) century. A professor of mathematics in Rome, Antonio Maria Pazzi, sends a mesolabe together with a letter to Barbaro, the humanist scholar of Venice. The latter would include parts of it in the Latin version of his commentary to Vitruvius. The analysis of the context of this publication shows that both arrive at aligning their personal intentions with the ideal of the "common good" by contributing to the spread of mathematical knowledge and practices.     

From the Land of the Pure,in Search of the Lost Origin: An Interview with Bahram Beyzaie on Siyavush-Khani (Siyavush Recitation) and its Mythological and Literary Roots

The interview was conducted in 1997 after the publication of Beyzaie's extraordinary engagement with the legend of Siyavush in Siyavush-Khani (Siyavush Recitation). Beyzaie's experiments with Shahnameh legends are not adaptations in the strict sense of the term. This is primarily because their stories are often different from what appears in the Shahnameh, mix the narratives with other mythical sources and place them in contemporary templates with an inter-paradigmatic gaze that reflects on the meaning and the history of the present. The interview is significant in that, as it has been conducted by a leading playwright and scholar of Iranian performing arts, it enables the reader to have firsthand experience of working in Iran as a playwright and reveals some of the methods Beyzaie uses to handle his subjects.