Soviet Geographers at the 19th International Geographical Congress

Reviewing the contribution of Soviet geographers at the Stockholm congress, the author makes a plea for more papers on economic geography and on integrated problems in geography. He denies that a trend toward greater emphasis on specialized disciplines is characteristic of Soviet geography. He criticizes some Soviet geographers for preparing what Saushkin considers misleading summaries of papers presented by foreign geographers.     

The Heat Balance of Forests and its Role in the Formation of the Microclimate of Wooded and Treeless Landscapes of the Moscow Region

The author describes the results of a field study designed to measure the relative effect of differences in the heat balance of wooded and treeless areas on the microclimate of these two vegetation types. Microclimatic differences are found to reflect the screening effect of tree vegetation with regard to solar radiation. The methodology of measurements is described and the additional factor of dissected relief is taken into consideration.     

The Moscow Branch of the Geographical Society of the USSR in the Next Few Years

This survey of the program of activities of the Moscow Branch includes a list of topics suggested for discussion at meetings of geographers and a detailed program of activities for the dissemination of geographical knowledge through lectures, publications, exhibits, excursions, radio-television, photographs and films, and library services.     

Concerning A Certain Controversy

Saushkin disputes S. V. Kalesnik's view [see Soviet Geography, September 1965] that changes introduced by man in the geographic environment are relatively unimportant compared with changes induced by natural processes. Saushkin also insists, contrary to Kalesnik, that people are part of the geographic environment or “humanized” nature.     

基于综合可达性的北京城市增长模拟与管控模式优化

社会经济活动的空间重构与交通设施配置息息相关,可达性成为优化城市空间结构,调控城市空间开发的重要手段。在以矢栅一体化的综合可达性测度并构建城市增长模型的基础上,对北京城市增长进行了成功模拟,透视了基于综合可达性导向发展模式的基本特征与主要问题,并提出了基于综合可达性的城市增长调控模式优化方案。研究发现：①城市增长密集发生在建成区周围可达性优越的区域,随着与城市中心的距离增加,城市增长的概率降低,反映了北京单中心的城市发展模式;②受城市规划与交通设施规划失调影响,可达性提升程度越大的区域并不一定带来更高的城市增长开发概率,严重削弱了可达性对城市增长的引导作用;③基于综合可达性的城市增长调控模式的优化方案,要以交通设施规划为基础,并合理耦合空间规划,才能更为有效地引导城市空间良性增长并预防规划失效。基于综合可达性的城市增长模型建立与调控模式优化方案的提出,对于确立与提升交通引导城市增长的基础性地位,优化城市空间结构具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

新安沉船打捞出水卵白釉瓷初步探讨

通过对元代中期新安沉船出水卵白釉瓷资料的初步整理和分析,可知其釉色呈现出不稳定状态,装饰工艺及纹饰来源趋于多元化,这些信息充分显示出元代中期景德镇窑的卵白釉瓷正处于试产阶段。对比景德镇地区窑址调查和考古发掘资料可知,新安沉船出水部分卵白釉瓷为昌江河渡峰坑段至历尧村小学段窑场和景德镇老城区窑场烧造。此外,综合分析新安沉船出水瓷器品类、数量及各类瓷器面貌特征,再对比景德镇地区元代晚期陶瓷考古资料,可以进一步发现元代中期景德镇地区制瓷手工业正处于一个非常重要的转变期。     

如何书写具有中国特色的文明史

21世纪以来,受西方文明史研究的影响,中国的文明史研究迅速热络起来。不仅有一批西方文明史著作被翻译出版,中国学者自身编写的文明史著作也纷纷出版。不过从总体来看,目前在文明史研究和写作中占据主导地位的还是西方的文明史书写范式.     

Connotations of Sanxingdui as a Theocratic Civilization

The discoveries of the Sanxingdui culture, including the magnificent ancient city, the splendid bronze ware clusters, the original characters, the great art, the grand ritual center, and other material civilizational elements, contain the essential and structural characteristics of the institutional civilization and spiritual civilization of the ancient Shu civilization and reflect the theocratic regime of the Sanxingdui civilization. As a symbol to command the ethnic groups from southwestern China, the ivory sacrificial ritual in the Sanxingdui culture played a significant role. The discoveries of silk residues and silk proteins at Sanxingdui provide important evidence for the historical records of the Shushan Clan and Cancong Clan, as well as the splendid clothing of the Large Standing Bronze Figure at Sanxingdui, and even the relationship between the Sanxingdui culture and the Southern Silk Road.