Understanding the Field of Public Affairs through the Lens of Ranked Ph.D. Programs in the United States

The goal of this article is to understand the multidisciplinary field of public affairs. Based on data and text mining on the profiles and publications of all faculty members from a list of research‐oriented U.S. public affairs programs, we describe the landscape of public affairs schools and scholars, identify 15 topics in public affairs research and discuss their trends of change between 1986 and 2015, and show the clustering and hiring networks of public affairs schools. Our results suggest a broader approach to understanding the field of public affairs than the public administration focus in the literature. Although public administration is highly visible in the field, which is evidenced by the journals most favored by public affair scholars, various specific policy areas (such as health, social, urban, environmental, global, and education policies) show strong representations based on our topical analysis of public affairs research.     

A Comparative Study on Economies of Harappa and Erlitou Sites

Harappa and Erlitou are representative sites of the Indus and early Chinese civilizations respectively. With different geographical environments, the two regions took different paths to civilization. The Indus civilization established early“city-states” based on regional groups. Under the influence of the loose power structure of the“city-states,” the Harappan culture formed an open economic system that was market-oriented. Foreign trade was prosperous and played an important role in its economy. The early Chinese civilization established a wide-area kingship state. Under the influence of the pyramidal power structure, the economic system of the Erlitou culture was dominated by the state and served the ruling class. Foreign trade accounted for a low proportion of its economy. Differences between the two sites are the epitome of those between the development patterns of the two early civilizations and have important research value.     

中国古代汉唐都城形制的演进——由曹魏太极殿谈唐长安城形制的渊源

中国古代都城形制的发展演变,是一个继承传统、不断发展、逐渐完善的过程,尤其两汉到隋唐时期的都城形制变化极为明显。本文以近年来曹魏至北魏洛阳宫城的考古发现为重要突破点,结合文献和考古勘察资料,对两汉至隋唐时期的各个重要都城进行对比研究,探讨了中国古代都城从两汉时期的多宫形制,到魏晋南朝时期的居北居中单一宫城形制,再到北朝时期的三重城圈形制,最后形成隋唐时期中轴对称的坊市制新型国际商贸大都市,为向以后更繁盛的开放式商业都市发展奠定了基础。其都城形制和格局的变化轨迹清晰,发展演变具有延续性和开创性,既沿承了传统的汉地都城制度,又有适应新的社会发展状况的创造。总之,隋大兴唐长安城作为这个时期都城的鼎盛之作,其都城形制产生的源头源自曹魏洛阳城,对汉唐时期的都城形制进行研究,探索其中的各种渊源和汉化因素,在中国古代都城发展史及整个东亚地区古代文化与文明的发展进程中,都具有重要的意义。     

以诸贤意法 绘千尺琅玕——苏州博物馆藏王翚《水竹幽居图》赏析及其他馆藏

<正>苏州顾氏过云楼旧藏《赵天裕、柯九思、赵原、顾安、张绅、吴镇六家墨竹卷》(简称元《七君子图》)和《王翚水竹幽居图卷》两幅珍贵书画于苏州博物馆建馆50周年之际正式被我馆收藏,实乃苏州文物史上的一段佳话。王石谷(1632-1717年)《水竹幽居图卷》(图1)引首为手绘百花笺,纸亦古旧。画面以平远法展开江南柳塘小景,湖面静阔,岸边茅屋、小桥,远处山岭隐现,溪水迂回,绕坡入湖。前景坡岸     

试论安徽沿江平原商代遗存及与周边地区的文化联系

本文以安徽沿江平原地区的商时期遗存为考察对象,将该地区商时期遗存划分为两种,其中沿江西段为"薛家岗遗存",东段地区为商文化"大城墩类型"。通过与周边地区比较,对两类遗存的年代、性质及文化特征进行了分析。为了揭示沿江平原地区商文化的来源,本文将该地区所见商时期遗存与周边的江淮西部、宁镇及江汉东部地区进行比较,得出了商文化南下对安徽沿江平原的东、西两段地区的影响存在明显差异,其主要原因应与商王朝对铜矿资源追求及南下路线的不同有关。     

《左傳·定公四年》祝佗追敍辨正——兼論商代宗族研究的文獻基礎

《左傳·定公四年》所載祝佗關於周成王分封過程的一段追敍,在商代宗族結構的研究史上居於重要地位,但其中存在的許多矛盾,難以在現存古史框架内獲得圓滿解釋。在與殷民六族、殷民七族相關文字的周圍,很可能存在一些被有意植入正文的注文。分魯公之殷民六族,分康叔之殷民七族,分唐叔之懷姓九宗,都是追敍原文中所謂"昭之以分物"的具體類目之一;"使帥其宗氏"中的被"使"者,應該是魯公。祝佗在使用"宗氏"等詞時並非針對"殷民六族"而言。     

Flirtatious geographies: clubs as spaces for the performance of affective heterosexualities

This article addresses the (hetero)sexualized, sensuous and affective nature of straight club spaces in Singapore. By attending to the theoretical intersections between affect studies and feminist perspectives, I argue that straight clubs are sites for the performances of affective heterosexualities that may and may not end up re-inscribing asymmetrical gendered power relations. In so doing, I hope to contribute to the growing literature on affectual geographies by expounding on the numerous technologies of affect which are being deployed in order to incite, transmit and sustain (hetero)sexual desires between bodies. Flirtatious (hetero)sexual practices thus give rise to, and are a result of, the political manipulation of intensely felt affects. Furthermore, I suggest that we should not overlook how becoming (hetero)sexual ‘feels like’ because these ‘feelings’ work to crystallize (hetero)sexual spaces and subjectivities. Nonetheless, we must also be careful not to discount the salience of ‘heterosexuality’ as a representational device that serves to codify and categorize sexual desires between bodies.     

故宫太和殿木构件现状分析及加固方法研究

为加强对古建筑的维修保护,故宫博物院对太和殿进行了勘查,发现如下木构件问题:西山挑檐檩跨中挠度过大;三次间正身顺梁及山面扶柁木榫头位置下沉10cm;明间藻井下垂13cm,井口爬梁已经开裂.通过运用结构力学相关方法,对这些构件的结构现状进行理论分析,研究了问题产生的原因,讨论了相应的加固方案,解决了这些问题.结果表明:西山挑檐檩虽然挠度较大,但强度满足要求,不需要加固;山面扶柁木榫头下沉的原因是局部受弯强度不足,但已通过支顶解决该问题;正身顺梁榫头下沉的可能原因是材料老化,局部受拉、弯、剪强度不足,通过采用钢木组合结构进行了加固;藻井下沉的原因是木材老化,井口爬梁抗弯及抗压承载力不足,通过采用扁钢箍加固的方法进行了加固.研究结果可为古建筑保护及修缮提供参考.     

基于干旱脆弱性的农户系统体制转换及其影响机制——以榆中县中连川乡为例

通过问卷调查和半结构式访谈获取数据,基于社会-生态系统多体制视角,对农户系统体制及状态进行辨识,并构建农户对干旱的脆弱性指数对其进行评价;采用多元logistic模型识别农户系统体制转换影响因素,并从客观动因、主观动因和决定动因三方面,探讨农户系统体制转换的影响机制。研究表明:①研究区农户系统体制从传统农业体制,向新型农业体制和非农型体制转换。农户由于自身转化力不同,转换结果存在差异。②自然环境和社会经济发展驱动系统体制发生转换,农户期望(教育支出和家庭责任)决定转换方向,农户转变生计方式的能力(行为认知、劳动力比重和社会网络)决定转换程度,在其作用下,农户体制和状态出现差异并最终导致脆弱性分异。     

从马来文《三宝垄纪年》与《井里汶纪年》看郑和下西洋与印尼华人穆斯林社会

通过介绍及解读马来文《三宝垄纪年》与《井里汶纪年》这两部印尼早期华人留下的文献,本文力图说明15世纪初印尼群岛信奉伊斯兰教的热潮与郑和的鼓励和推动有莫大的关系。作者认为,在郑和下西洋前,闽南方言群(包括福建漳泉人和广东潮汕人)的私人海商在东南亚各港埠已拥有举足轻重的势力。在郑和的鼓励与推动下,来自云南的中国穆斯林曾在明朝初年大批地经由印支半岛进入印尼群岛。他们在印尼尤其是在爪哇岛华人中的统治地位曾维持了相当长的时期,直到淡目王国衰亡前夕,以闽南方言群体为主的非穆斯林中国移民才在爪哇等地的华人侨居社区中逐渐重新占据主导地位。在郑和及其助手的大力推动和组织下,明代前期的中国穆斯林以占婆为中心,在整个东南亚地区尤其是印尼群岛组成了自己的贸易和传教网络。在这一传播伊斯兰教的过程中,原籍云南但来自占婆王国的华人穆斯林曾发挥了相当重要的作用。