四川古蔺县石屏野猫洞新石器时代遗存的年代商榷

迄今为止,在四川省境内经正式发掘的新石器时代洞穴遗址(遗存)仅二处,即2005年10月发掘的江油市大康镇大水洞遗址和1991年11月发掘的古蔺县石屏镇野猫洞遗址。野猫洞遗址位于古蔺县东约46公里的石屏镇石屏村二组,杨兴隆等先生在其论著中将该遗址定为“我国最早的新石器时代地点之一”值得商榷。     

陈独秀科学思想研究——兼与陈独秀唯科学主义论者商榷

陈独秀科学思想具有特定的社会基础和思想渊源.他从物质技术和思想文化两个方面向国人揭示了科学的社会功能,形成了独特的观点.他倡导的科学精神包括求实和怀疑精神,反对专制的民主精神,实事求是的求是精神.指称陈独秀是唯科学主义与他的实际思想不相符.     

胡军博士的贺词

沧海茫茫,雪域皑皑。跋涉西迁八千里,土族移居世界屋脊,历经艰险,刀光剑影中传承千年华夏文明。     

The Issue of Tibet in China-US Relations During The Second World War

Even before the 1911 revolution in China, American missionaries, explorers and diplomats had began the process of acquiring knowledge about Tibet and Tibetans in the Chinese Empire. Immediately after the 1911 revolution, the US government, in order to maintain their "Open Door" policy, and to protect their interests in China, demonstrated their disagreement     

试析冷战在中东的分期和特点

中东在美苏冷战中具有重要意义。中东的冷战可划为四个阶段:美国开始取代英法在中东的势力,苏联实现突破的努力失败;阿拉伯民族主义进入高潮,英法基本退出中东,美苏展开激烈角逐;英国彻底退出中东,苏联影响进一步增长,中东呈现不战不和局面;美国促成中东和平进程,苏联在阿拉伯世界的影响衰落。冷战在中东的主要特点如下:中东是除东欧外非两大阵营国家唯一与超级大国苏联有陆地接壤的地区,是美国遏制战略的前沿阵地;中东是冷战的发源地之一;中东成为美苏激烈争夺的地区,双方各有自己的战略;中东的局部战争和地区冲突延绵不断,并与冷战相互交织,而后者对阿拉伯世界的影响有限;冷战与中东起伏不定的民族主义相互影响;中东在冷战中诞生了高度敌视西方的极端伊斯兰主义。     

九连墩楚墓出土璧玉、石磬和镶嵌物的科学分析

本文采用X射线衍射技术和X射线荧光分析技术对九连墩楚墓出土的璧玉、石磬和镶嵌物进行了物相分析和成分分析。结果表明璧玉的主要成分为透闪石,石磬的主要成分为方解石。同时对镶嵌物的分析表明当时可能采用的是红铜镶嵌技术。这次分析为九连墩出土文物的复仿制和进一步的保护工作提供了科学依据。     

Comparison of celadon from the Yaozhou and Xicun kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty of China by X-ray fluorescence and microscopy

The Xicun kiln is a typical kiln for firing porcelains for export, including celadon, which imitates the products of the Yaozhou kilns. In this paper, 10 pieces of celadon from the Xicun kiln and 8 celadon samples from the Yaozhou kiln were analysed in situ non-destructively by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence microprobe and optical microscopy. The results indicated that the body of the Xicun celadon contained less TFe₂O₃, Cr, Sr and Zr, and more K₂O and Rb than that of the Yaozhou celadon. Also, the glaze of the Xicun celadon contained lower quantities of Sr and higher Rb; thus, these elements could be employed as relevant markers for the non-destructive discrimination of the provenance of Xicun celadon. In addition, the thicker glaze, the numerous bubbles, and the existence of the middle layer could be used as auxiliary indicators for a micro-structural distinction between samples from the Yaozhou kiln and those originating from Xicun.     

Venereal disease prevention, Moral Welfare and civilized image: The Shanghai Moral Welfare Committee and the anti-prostitution campaign in the Shanghai International Settlement, 1918�C24

This paper focuses on the Shanghai Moral Welfare Committee (renamed the Shanghai Moral Welfare League in 1920), which was founded on May 16, 1918, following a decision made by seventeen foreign religious and secular charities of the Shanghai International Settlement. In 1919–24, the Municipal Council of the Shanghai International Settlement declared a five-year timeframe for gradually shutting down all the brothels under its administration. The few previous studies of this topic by European and American scholars mainly concentrated on the aspect of venereal disease prevention and the prohibition of prostitution, as well as the construction of gender, but they paid little attention to the Moral Welfare Committee as a primary advocate of this reform. As such, this event has been misrepresented as yet another story about the modernization and spiritual salvation of Chinese society by Western municipal authorities and moral reformers. However, the Committee, created by foreign moral reformers in Shanghai, was primarily focused on white males with venereal diseases and white prostitutes, in order to reestablish an image of the Western Christian countries as civilized in Chinese eyes. Underlying this effort was a strong sense—among foreign communities in China at that time—of superiority over Chinese society in both civilization and morality. However, this arrogance was rife with insecurities; foreign reformers lacked necessary confidence in their civilized image and in their capacity to set themselves up as a model for the moral discipline and salvation of the Chinese people.     

山东香山汉墓出土陶质彩绘文物材质及制作工艺的初步研究

山东青州香山汉墓陪葬坑出土了数量巨大,种类齐全陶质彩绘文物,尤其是陶马和陶俑上的彩绘保存完好,色彩鲜艳,绘画工艺精湛,非常罕见。为了研究汉代彩绘及其制陶工艺等信息,本研究使用拉曼光谱(RS)、带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)、偏光显微镜(PLM)、体式显微镜(OM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热膨胀仪等分析方法,对出土的陶质彩绘文物进行了分析研究。结果表明这批陶质彩绘文物制作工艺是就地取土,与水混合塑型,在900~1000℃烧制陶胎。其彩绘所使用的颜料均为矿物颜料,其中白色为方解石(CaCO3)、红色为赭石(Fe2O3)和朱砂(HgS)、黑色为炭黑(C)、紫色为人造汉紫(BaCuSi2O6),采用胶料调和颜料调涂刷绘制而成。这批文物的制作工艺属于典型的秦汉时期彩绘陶器的制作方法。研究成果可为相关文物的保护提供科学数据。     

秦始皇兵马俑博物馆陶器库室内空气质量评价与影响分析

文物存放环境空气质量的好坏对文物的保存至关重要,由于缺乏应有的保护,部分长期存放的文物局部表面出现物理污损、颜色变化或漆皮及彩绘起翘。因此,为了尽可能避免不良环境因素对文物的影响,需对其环境状况进行研究分析,以便制定科学的环境控制措施。为此,通过冬(2008年1月30日至3月3日)夏(2008年7月28日至8月22日)两季在秦俑博物馆陶器库开展室内空气质量调查研究工作,获得了大气气溶胶中水溶性离子、碳组分、SO2和NH3的质量浓度特征,同步进行了室内微气候的测定。结果显示,冬季PM2.5的平均质量浓度及所含主要水溶性离子浓度均高于夏季,并且同一时期室外均高于室内,但其中个别成分如Cl-及碳组分OC有机碳在夏季的库内浓度明显高于室外。此外有害气体NH3受高温及排放源影响其浓度表现出夏季库内高于库外,夏季高于冬季的现象。研究表明,库内微气候和污染物存在明显的季节差异。不同季节污染物的浓度及来源略有差异。部分污染物浓度偏高,可能会对库内存放的脆弱文物产生一定影响,需要采取一些防控措施。