昆明市保障性住区居民就业空间特征及其收入效应分析

保障性住房建设解决了大量城市低收入家庭的住房问题,但大多区位偏远、交通不便,远离城市就业中心,导致低收入人群的通勤成本上升,进而对其就业和收入产生影响。本研究以昆明市为样本城市,选取廉租房、公租房和经适房3类保障性住区,利用通勤距离、通勤时间、通勤方式、工作地点等指标,从居住-就业空间匹配角度,揭示保障性住区居民就业空间特征;并通过建立包含空间虚拟变量的多元回归方程,揭示了保障性住区居民就业空间特征对其收入的影响。     

旅游地映象、游客满意度及行为意向关系研究——以桂林七星公园为例

以桂林七星公园为案例地,采用因子分析凝炼了映象认知维度成分,验证其符合功能-混合-心理的变化趋势。其中,功能成分体现在对旅游服务及设施的感知上,混合成分体现在对自然资源环境、历史文化环境的感知上,心理成分体现在对地方社会环境的感知上。通过构建结构方程,发现对地方社会氛围的感知对于情感映象有正向显著的影响;旅游服务及设施对游客满意度具有最显著的影响,自然资源环境与历史文化环境也具有一定的作用;在满意度对行为意向有显著的正向作用条件下,认知映象各成分对游客行为意向产生间接作用。     

旅游体验质量评价述评:研究进展、要素解读与展望

旅游体验是游客情感价值的累积。旅游体验质量评价是对游客心理累积情感的测度,科学、准确的核算游客体验质量是旅游景区、旅游企业等可持续发展及竞争力提升的重要保障。本文通过对1980-2015年发表于国内外旅游及管理领域重要期刊文献的梳理,从服务质量研究的历史、科学视角及与旅游融合的角度对旅游体验质量评价的研究进展、理论基础等进行系统的回顾,并从体验质量评价的理论视角、思路、特征、类型与准确性、可操作性、应用范围等中观层面,对所梳理出的4类国外主流质量评价范式进行旅游体验哲学视角下的解读、比较分析和总评,最后对该领域未来研究重点进行展望。     

国家级新区的空间生产与治理尺度建构

国家级新区是近年来备受瞩目的新国家空间类型。首先,论文从新国家空间的理论视角出发,认为国家级新区是我国新时期国家空间选择偏好从城市内部空间转变为城市群体空间的产物,是国家为参与全球城市竞争和承接全球产业转移而在城市-区域尺度上构建的新地域组织。其次,论文研究了国家级新区的空间生产,发现其在微观尺度上具有多尺度行政区跨界联合的特征,并且表现出自上而下和自下而上相结合的机制。然后,基于空间生产与尺度重组的密切联系,论文同时研究了国家级新区治理建构的情况。通过分析不同类型的国家级新区空间治理结构,发现影响国家级新区尺度重组进程的关键因素,是新尺度与原有行政区划的耦合程度。最后,在上述研究的基础上,论文对国家级新区未来治理改革提出了政策建议。     

Palaeoenvironmental significance of grain-size distribution of river flood deposits: a study of the archaeological sites of the Apengjiang River Drainage,upper Yangtze region,Chongqing, China

The grain-size distribution (based on cumulative probability curves) in the sediments produced by potential palaeofloods at the Shiniusi archaeological site is similar to that of modern flood sediments from the Wujiang River Drainage in the upper Yangtze River. There is an obvious pattern in the curves, with two segments, and the mean grain size (Mz), standard deviations (σ1), skewness, and kurtosis are all similar. Combined with the AMS¹⁴C dating data and the ages judged based on the presence of cultural remains, our data suggests frequent palaeoflood events within the Wujiang River Drainage. We hypothesize the existence of seven high flood possibility layers in the QST4 unit from Shiniusi archaeological site: during the periods of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 AD) to the Qing Dynasty (1616–1911 AD), and the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC–256 BC) to the Shang Dynasty (1600–1100 BC). We also hypothesize ten high flood probability layers in the QST2 unit from Shiniusi archaeological site: during the periods of the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the periods of Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) to the Yuan Dynasty (1206–1368 AD), as well as during the Han Dynasty (207 BC–220 AD) to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC–256 BC). These results are consistent with palaeoflood events inferred from pollen and spore analysis and from historical records in other rivers.     

汉语 汉字 汉文化的投射

汉语、汉字与汉文化联系十分紧密,极为广泛,汉字不仅反映了先民的礼仪、制度、风俗、艺术,而且通过汉字记录的汉语词汇折射出汉民族灿烂的历史文化。     

Spinal degenerative lesions and spinal ligamentous ossifications in ancient Chinese populations of the Yellow River Civilization

Rheumatological diseases, whether inflammatory or degenerative, are ubiquitous among modern Asian people but very few palaeopathological studies have been performed in Asia on this subject. Since 1996, we have been carrying out a palaeoepidemiological survey of rheumatic diseases in ancient Chinese and Japanese skeletal populations. Findings on the spinal column in ancient Chinese populations (ca. 5000 bc –ad 1644) in Henan Province (centre of the Yellow River Civilization) are reported in this study. The examined number of the people over 20 years old was 365 (185 males, 169 females and 11 unsexed). Of these, 248 were young adults, 98 were middle adults and 19 were old adults. Crude prevalence (number/100) in total population of vertebral osteophytosis/facet osteoarthritis was 17.5/7.7, 17/3.7 and 44.6/21.1 at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, respectively. That of ossified anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) or Forestier's disease was around 3 at each of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine was observed in five out of 114 skeletons with cervical spine preserved, while it did not exist in any thoracic and lumbar segment. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) was predominantly observed in the thoracic spine, the crude prevalence of which was 36.7. Overall spinal degenerative lesions seemed to have been more prevalent and spinal ligament ossifications less prevalent in ancient Chinese populations than in modern people. None of the inflammatory lesions like rheumatoid spondylitis, as well as seronegative spondyloarthropathies, were detected. This is the first palaeopathological study in which the prevalence of OPLL and OLF, the two clinically important spinal ligamentous ossifications causing myelopathy in modern mankind, was surveyed in ancient skeletons. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硅酸乙酯类加固材料在潮湿环境土遗址加固保护中的应用研究

潮湿环境土遗址因含水率高、成分及所处环境复杂等特点,是文物保护工作中最难保护的文物之一,深入开展加固保护材料适用性及优化组合研究对于潮湿环境土遗址保护具有现实意义。以上海广富林文化遗址"F12房址"为对象,选取硅酸乙酯类加固材料Remmers SAE 300和SAE 300E,对其不同比例配合下的加固效果进行试验研究。通过表观形貌、渗透性、强度及抗水崩解性等指标分析,结果表明不同比例配合下的加固效果虽存在一定差异,但均能有效提高土体抗粉化能力和抑制霉菌生长,且当含水率较低时,加固作用将显著提高土体无侧向抗压强度和抗剪强度。研究结果对综合评定硅酸乙酯类加固材料在潮湿环境土遗址加固保护中的应用性有参考价值。     

广东汕头市“南澳I号”明代沉船木材的分析研究

为研究南澳I号明代船体木材的保存状况,选择对其部分木材S6隔舱板和尾舱板进行树种鉴定、含水率分析,并采用现代科学的分析手段对样品进行了形貌及化学组成等分析。研究表明:南澳I号S6隔舱板和尾舱板均为山茶科的荷木;目前其平均含水率为327.78%,而正常荷木的最大含水率只有68.26%;与正常木材的化学组分相比,综纤维素降低显著,而灰分、1%NaOH抽出物含量等都有一定程度提高;木材中溶出大量可溶盐,主要以Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl-、SO2-₄等离子为主,总体来看各类离子的含量较高,其中,SO2-₄含量最高。且含有较多硫铁化合物,主要成分为黄铁矿。总体分析表明,在海水中长期浸泡后,南澳I号木材中的纤维素等有机支撑体已经发生了严重降解,水和大量盐分充盈在细胞腔内,木船构件样品的基本密度显著降低。所以除了水浸泡除去可溶性盐之外,还要选择恰当的化学吸附剂对南澳I号木材进行脱硫工作。     

生物技术在文物保护修复中的应用研究进展

在自然因素和人类活动作用下,古代壁画和石雕石刻等珍贵文化遗产普遍存在酥碱粉化、盐霜结壳、风化脱落、烟熏污染等类型病害,研发相应的保护修复材料和技术长期以来都是文物保护领域关注的焦点。近年来,生物纳米材料和生物技术因其绿色环保、兼容适用、效果良好等优势正逐渐成为常规物理措施和化学材料的补充或替代方法。本研究系统总结和梳理了功能微生物、生物酶、代谢产物及创新性生物技术在国内外文物保护修复中的发展脉络和应用现状,重点对生物清洗技术和生物加固技术的最新研究进展和存在的问题进行了综述。旨在为科研工作者开展基于生物技术的文物保护修复创新性研究提供参考和借鉴。