Bayesian Parameter Identification and Model Selection for Normalized Modulus Reduction Curves of Soils

This work develops a procedure that involves the use of Bayesian approach to quantify data scatterness, estimates the optimal values of model parameters, and selects the most appropriate model for the construction of normalized modulus reduction curves of soils. The proposed procedure is then demonstrated using real observation data based on a set of comprehensive resonant column tests on coarse-grained soils conducted in the study.     

Biomechanics of coaching maximal instep soccer kick for practitioners

Kicking in soccer has been the subject of scientific research for more than 40 years yet review articles summarizing the biomechanical fundamentals of kick optimization as a guide to coaching are scarcely to be found. The current review article aims to bridge the gap between scientific research into the maximal instep kick (including studies employing 3D motion capture and full-body biomechanical modelling) and the application of such research in coaching. It does so by supplying a scientifically founded, coaching-friendly article explaining identifiable characteristics and motor control sequencing that define this skill. Relevant biomechanical factors are identified in a way that should help coaches better develop training programmes and, at the same time, foster better understanding of the skill among athletes. Such information will contribute to both accelerated skill acquisition and, by concomitant gains in skill efficiency, the development of programmes that minimize risk of injury to athletes during training.     

Lichenometric constraints on the age of the Huashan Grottoes, East China

Lichenometry is a method of dating that has been widely used in glaciated areas for determining the minimum age of exposure of a geomorphic landform during the late Holocene. This paper presents a regional calibration data set of lichen thallus sizes versus rock surface ages for the Huashan area, East China, based on measurements of yellow-green Rhizocarpon lichens on the known-age substrates at eight sites. An empirical relationship between thallus sizes and rock surface ages was established using both the traditional regression and the Bayesian approaches. Using the Bayesian calibration, the minimum age of the Huashan Grottoes was dated from 450 ± 60 to 330 ± 60 years ago, corresponding to the late Ming Dynasty (AD 1477–1632). These dates are generally consistent with those predicted from the regression-based linear growth curve. Our results suggest that applications of this technique can be safely extended to the non-glaciated areas.     

对西藏清代藏银铸币衡制与成色的疑问

衡制、平色是研究金属货币的基础和重要组成部分。关于清代西藏银币是否采用统一的货币计量衡制与平色说法不一。一说清代两藏地方政府铸造银币衡制均为中央库平,“两藏钱币自始至终所使用的衡制,与中央完全一致”。     

晚清圣母圣心会中蒙古教区传教述论

本文认为,晚清时期,圣母圣心会在中蒙古教区获得了持续、稳定的发展。教会的成功既在于其传教方法得当,也在于教会拥有较多的社会资源。怎样评价教会的传教活动,并不是一个容易的话题。     

短暂的合作:抗战后期中共与美国关系解析

出于对日反攻作战的需要,美国政府排除蒋介石的干扰向延安派遣军事观察组,与中共建立起正式的合作关系。中共方面对双方合作抱有真诚的期望,对美军观察组在各敌后抗日根据地的活动给予全力支持,同意接受史迪威对中国军队包括中共军队的指挥权,准备以各种形式配合美军的战略反攻行动,并且认为在战后中国重建中双方有保持和扩大合作的必要。美国在远东的长期战略目标,是使中国成为一个由蒋介石主导的亲美国家,以抗拒苏联扩展势力的企图。尽管罗斯福主张在国共之间采取一种相对灵活的政策,但赫尔利却坚持了无条件支持蒋介石的立场。因此,在任何情况下,美国政府都不会放弃蒋介石,尤其是在美军放弃在华东沿海登陆的计划后。     

明清时期瑶族向西南边疆及越南、老挝的迁徙

本文对明清时期的瑶族向西南边疆及越南、老挝等东南亚国家的迁徙进行了探讨。认为明清时期,由于封建统治阶级的政治压迫和经济剥削,以及刀耕火种游耕生产方式、自然灾害等方面的原因,瑶族被迫从湖南及湘粤桂边界大规模向西南边疆及东南亚一带迁徙,并由此而引起瑶族人口和其文化中心的转移,形成新的文化特征,瑶族亦由此而成为跨境民族。     

民国时期边疆政区的内地化——以磴口设县为例

今内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市所辖磴口县位于河套平原西部,地处西北农牧交错带,清代属阿拉善王爷的封地。由于该地便利的沿黄灌溉和黄河水运条件,晚清以来天主教会以此地为中心,通过开垦土地、修建灌渠、招徕陕甘等地汉族贫苦农民等方式,在磴口地区建立起天主教社会。发展至民国时期,伴随着汉族移民逐渐聚集,甘肃省及由甘肃分出的宁夏省都试图延续清政府“蒙人归旗、汉人归县”的以属人管理为原则的政策,将政治势力伸展至磴口,并建立县治。在磴口地区行政区划设置中的政治角逐和利权争夺,一方面反映了民国时期中央政府的边疆政策;另一方面体现了边疆地区不同人群、不同立场的各种势力对政区设置的影响。