工业化时期英国的土地流转与社会心态

工业化时期的英国土地具有巨大的经济价值,以贵族、乡绅等为代表的土地阶级垄断了土地、掌控了政权,使土地获得了超经济价值的社会属性,成为政治权力和社会声望的基础。为获取政治权力,永久性地融入中上层社会,旧的土地家族、工商业者及其他职业者竞相购置土地。以土地为介质获得贵族和乡绅头衔,融入土地阶级,进而掌握政权成为一种社会心态。同时,因筹措圈地资金而需要出卖的土地,圈地后自耕农出售的土地,旧地主因为欠债而抛售的土地,土地家族为强化主体地产而卖掉的外围土地不断涌向市场。这样,以地产为工具加盟土地阶级、进而掌控政权的社会心态,成为工业化时期英国土地流动的一种重要推动力量。     

欧亚草原东部的考古发现与斯基泰的早期历史文化

新疆的考古材料对探讨斯基泰的来源和早期斯基泰文化同欧亚草原东部地区的关系等问题有重要意义。新疆及其周边地区在斯基泰西迁之前已经和丰提克地区有互动关系,三道海子文化在其中起了主要作用,其扩张也是斯基泰西迁的主要原因。斯基泰西迁后,欧亚草原进入以游牧为主要经济方式的时代。     

Point-to-Surface Pounding of Highway Bridges with Deck Rotation Subjected to Bi-Directional Earthquake Excitations

Post-earthquake survey of several strong earthquakes demonstrated that pounding between the neighboring civil infrastructures, such as building and highway bridge, would induce significant structural damage, even collapse, of the structures. This article presents a pounding experiment of highway bridge, especially focused on the point-to-surface pounding of bridge decks due to torsional rotation, when subjected to extreme bi-directional earthquake excitations. To experimentally investigate the point-to-surface pounding between the neighboring bridge segments, a base-isolated highway bridge model, in which the mass centers of the bridge decks do not strictly coincide with the corresponding stiffness centers, is manufactured. A series of shaking table tests of the highway bridge model are carried out for the structural model with large and small separations of the expansion joint to investigate the dynamic responses of the bridge model with and without including the pounding effects, respectively. An analytical model of the highway bridge, in which the point-to-surface pounding is represented by using a modified contact-friction element, is also established based on the lump mass model with three degrees of freedom for each segment. Based on the test results, the model parameters of the modified contact-friction element are identified, and the analytical responses of the highway bridge model with pounding effects are compared with the experimental data. The results show that the highway bridge is vulnerable to the deck rotation, and point-to-surface pounding should be considered in the structural design to lighten the pounding damage of the highway bridge under strong earthquake excitations.     

“無名子”與唐代科舉

中晚唐以前"無名子"一詞在史料中的一般意義即爲"無名氏",泛指不知姓名爲何的人。中唐以降科舉制度開始深刻影響時人生活狀態乃至滲透於其話語形式,"無名子"逐漸被賦予了兩點特殊用義:其一,它所使用的語境應該與科舉考試密切相關;其二,所指稱者必定是針對科舉考試進行匿名造謗的人。隨着時代的變遷和生活場景的轉換,後人對其含義的理解開始變得模糊起來。通過排比史料可以發現,它在中晚唐一般語境中所特具的科舉内涵,自宋代開始又逐漸從人們日常生活的話語中消失。     

大学生的地方依恋特征与形成机制——基于南京仙林大学城的调查

大学城生活主体大学生与之是否存在积极的关系,对大学城的发展具有重要意义。本文选择地方依恋理论,对南京仙林大学城进行实证研究。构建了大学生地方依恋维度模型,运用结构方程模型加以验证和修正,发现大学生的地方依恋具有地方认同、功能依赖和情感依赖三个维度特征,地方依恋进一步有助于地方根植性形成。其中,大学生的功能依赖对地方依恋作用为负。总体上,仙林大学生的地方依恋处于由地方认同到地方依赖的过渡阶段。本研究为近年来中国涌现的大学城建设热提供一种自下而上的评判视角。     

Accommodation and Conflict: The Incorporation of Miao Territory and Construction of Cultural Difference during the High Qing Era1

Past studies of southwest Guizhou during the Qing dynasty tend to focus on the policy of “abolishment of the native chieftainships and extension of direct bureaucratic control” (gaitu guiliu) pursued under the Yongzheng emperor, and also to emphasize the correlation between state expansion and Miao revolts as a political process of institution building. Based on personal memoirs and ethnographic accounts of the Qing dynasty, this study focuses on the Qing incorporation of Miao territory (Miaojiang) in southeast Guizhou, where there were not even native chieftainships but only unorganized, or “raw,” Miao indigenes; it also examines the incorporation as an interactive process of cultural understanding and construction among the Yongzheng emperor, Governor-General Ortai, a group of local officials, represented by Zhang Guangsi and Fang Xian, and local Miao people, who had already interacted with Han migrants and started to seek the protection of the central government. The paper calls attention to the contribution of lower level Qing officials made in the decision-making process, the formation of knowledge by the Chinese about the long-ignored Miao territory, and the significance of mutual understanding of cultures. It argues that the tragic confrontation between the Miao people and the Qing state building was not necessarily inevitable, but contingent on the officials’ perception of the minority people’s culture and the handling of the relationship between the state and local indigenes.     

绽放在土乡的梨园奇葩——记互助下寨村张氏皮影戏剧团

早就听说互助土族自治县红崖子沟乡有一支远近闻名的皮影戏剧团,它不仅已有一百多年的历史,还是互助唯一的祖传三代的业余皮影戏剧团,每逢传统年节,他们都会为十里八乡的乡亲们送去特色鲜明、生活气息浓郁的皮影戏,深受广大群众喜爱。在一个冬日,记者驱车来到互助县,寻访这支令人耳目一新的皮影戏班。数九寒天,外面天寒地冻,见到皮影戏剧团负责人张占保时,他脸上的喜悦之色以及极富磁性的声嗓,带给人如沐春风般的舒畅。     

丁宝桢手订《年谱》稿本考录

近日,我们对济南市图书馆所藏的丁宝桢手订<年谱>进行了整理与研究,现把有关情况介绍如下.     

屈家岭文化的聚落形态与社会结构分析--以淅川黄楝树遗址为例

本文通过对淅川黄楝树屈家岭文化聚落形态进行深入分析,揭示了当时的某些社会结构特点.文章认为,黄楝树遗址的屈家岭文化建筑群在平面布局上既表现出很强的整体性,又允许各家房屋保持其相对的独立性.折射出当时的社会结构,一方面亲族组织具有很强的凝聚力和影响力,另一方面家庭私有制已经出现,家庭已成为基本生产和消费单位.     

近代日本的地方自治和村落共同体

近代日本地方自治的成立,传统的“自治因素”——村落共同体的存在是不可忽视的原因之一。但是这一同近代地方自治相矛盾的事物,并没有因完成其使命而退出历史舞台,而是仍然对近代日本的地方自治起到补充的作用。这种现象的出现反映了战前日本近代化的急速性和偏向性。由此也看到,日本传统的村落文化也是日本文化的重要内容之一。