阮元著述文本的总貌及其整理的现状和意义

阮元是清代的大官僚,又是著名的大学者。在政治上,阮元政绩非凡;勤政之余,不废学术,学识渊博,著述丰富。他的学术成就是多方面的,著述、辑录、编刻的书籍浩如烟海。如此丰富的著述,而后人的文本整理却相当缺乏。我们要加强对阮元著述文本的整理,这无疑具有重要的学术作用。     

广州出土南朝龚韬买地券考

龚韬买地券为广州地区首次发现的南朝买地券材料。买地券内容包含强烈的冥府观念和道教信仰,并折射出南朝时期岭南地区土地私有化的发展。为研究南朝时期道教在岭南地区的传播和影响提供了重要考古材料。     

第一次直奉战争前后日本的“不援张”政策

第一次直奉战争发生于华盛顿会议刚刚结束之时,对各国而言,这场战争是一块试验《九国公约》精神的试金石。参加华盛顿会议的任何国家对中国内战的干涉都会被国际视为违反《九国公约》精神的行为。因而,各国对第一次直奉战争都抱以旁观的态度,包括与之关系最为紧密的日本。这一阶段,虽然日本驻华机关中部分外务系人士以及大部分陆军人士认为应当给张作霖以援助,但日本外务省和陆军中央拒绝了这种建议,最终并没有给予张作霖实际的帮助。第一次直奉战争结束之后的一段时间内,日本依然对张作霖采取不予援助的政策。当时中日舆论传言日本将其在西伯利亚看管的武器直接卖给张作霖,这并不属实。     

论长江中游地区新石器时代晚期的生计经济与人口压力

长江中游地区新石器时代晚期的主要生计方式是稻作农业,因渔猎所占比重不同而又可细分为山地型与平原型。水田稻作农业具有集约化程度高,产出也较高的特点。稻田耕作系统的形成与维护需要大量劳力,从而刺激人口迅速增长,结果造成人口压力。自然环境的数次波动更加剧了这种压力。因人口压力而引发的移民、战争和社会重组等,成为推动初期社会复杂化进程的主要原因。     

享利·卢斯与抗战期间中国新形象的创造

抗日战争期间,美国新巨头享利·卢斯Henry R.Luce),以其控制的时代公司三大杂志为工具,在美国国内掀起了一场以突出蒋介石为中心的树立中国全新形象的运动,以求影响美国公众舆论和决策机构,以便使中国最大限有度地获取美国援助,来抗击日本侵略和稳固蒋介石统治.     

Book reviews

CHINA

TANG KWOK‐LEUNG. Colonial State and Social Policy: social Welfare Development in Hong Kong 1842–1997. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1998. 192 pp. US$36.00, hardcover.

ZHENG YONGNIAN. Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China: modernity, Identity, and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 208 pp. US$54.95, hardcover; US$19.95, paper.

STEVAN HARRELL, BAMO QUBUMO and MA ERZI (photographs by Zhong Dakun). Mountain Patterns, The Survival of Nuosu Culture in China. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 2000. Colour and black‐and‐white illustrations. No price given, paper.

PENG XIZHE with ZHIGANG GUO (eds). The Changing Population of China. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. 312 pp. Figures, tables, index. £50.00, US$68.95, hardcover; £15.99, US$31.95, paper.

ROBERT S. ROSS (ed). After the Cold War: domestic Factors and U.S.‐China Relations. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1998. xiv, 208 pp. Charts, figures, index. US$59.95, hardcover; US$22.95, paper.

PING CHEN. Modern Chinese: history and Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 229 pp. Introduction, tables, notes, references, index. US$59.95, hardcover; US$21.95, paper.

JAPAN, KOREA

MARK R. MULLINS. Christianity Made in Japan: a Study of Indigenous Movements. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1998. 288 pp. Illustrations, preface, notes, bibliography, index. US$24.95, paper.

HIROSUKE KAWANISHI (ed). The Human Face of Industrial Conflict in Post‐war Japan. London: Kegan Paul International, 1999. 287 pp. Introduction, chronology of events, translation of Japanese organisational and statutory names, index. US$93.50, hardcover.

YUKIKO KOSHIRO. Trans‐Pacific Racisms and the US Occupation of Japan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. xi, 295 pp. US$21.50, paper.

PHYLLIS BIRNBAUM. Modern Girls, Shining Stars, the Skies of Tokyo: five Japanese Women. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 255 pp. US$29.00; UK£19.95, hardcover.

ROBIN M. LEBLANC. Bicycle Citizens: the Political World of the Japanese Housewife. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 246 pp. US$14.95, paper.

SOUTH, WEST & CENTRAL ASIA

ROWENA ROBINSON. Conversion, Continuity and Change: lived Christianity in Southern Goa. New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications, 1998. 236 pp. £27.50, hardcover.

RAJAT GANGULY. Kin State Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts: lessons from South Asia. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998.266 pp. Map, notes, bibliography, index. Rs. 350, hardcover.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

DANNY UNGER. Building Social Capital in Thailand: fibers, Finance, and Infrastructure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 227 pp. A$90.00, hardcover; A$29.95, paper.

JEFFREY R. VINCENT, ROZALI MOHAMED ALI and ASSOCIATES. Environment and Development in a Resource‐Rich Economy: Malaysia Under the New Economic Policy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. 364 pp. Foreword, preface, bibliography, index. US$46.95, hardcover; US$22.95, paper.

GENERAL ASIA

ANITA CHAN, B. J. TRIA KERKVLIET and J. UNGER (eds). Transforming Asian Socialism: China and Vietnam Compared. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1999. 240 pp. A$24.95, paper.

KURT W. RADTKE and J. A. STAM et al. (eds). Dynamics in Pacific Asia: conflict, Competition and Cooperation. London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1998. 287 pp. US$110, hardcover.

YUE‐MAN YEUNG (ed). Urban Development in Asia: retrospect and Prospect. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia‐Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. 453 pp. Plates, introduction, notes, index. No price given, hardcover.     

乾隆宫廷玛纳斯碧玉研究

玛纳斯碧玉与清代宫廷玉器制作的关系问题是清代玉器史研究中的一个空白,相关的研究一直十分薄弱。不少研究者倾向于清宫玉器收藏中存在着玛纳斯碧玉作品,而且数量不少,却苦于找不到一条文献材料证明这些玉器的原料就是来自于玛纳斯,因此,玛纳斯玉也成为玉器史的"迷思"之一。本文以文献记录、清宫档案和故宫博物院的收藏为依据,对清代新疆玛纳斯碧玉的开采进行探讨,对清代宫廷利用玛纳斯碧玉制作玉器的情况详加解析,尝试勾画出清代玛纳斯碧玉开发利用的真实图景。作者认为,玛纳斯碧玉是乾隆时期宫廷玉器制作重要的原材料之一,与清代宫廷玉器发展有着极为密切的关系。查禁玛纳斯碧玉的指令由乾隆帝发出,查禁期间大量玛纳斯碧玉原料进入宫廷,并利用这些原料琢制了大量玉器作品,宫廷成为此一时期内玛纳斯碧玉唯一的合法利用者。     

Marriage-Related Exchanges and the Agency of Women among the Langalanga,Solomon Islands

This article examines the transformation of marriage-related exchanges and the agency of women among the Langalanga people in the Solomon Islands. The Langalanga perspective is distinctive because they have been the main producers of shell money in the region, and the persistence of bridewealth is important for their economic and cultural lives. Looking into the three essential components: kwatena (bridewealth), duuna (micro exchange network among new affinal kins), and launia (bridal dress), I discuss the roles women play in the process of marriage-related exchanges, with particular attention to the affective dimension. In recent years, it has become more popular to dress the bride in the expensive launia, and some Langalanga brides, who live in urban areas, have begun to take possession of the valuables, which contributes to their growing economic independence and autonomy. I argue that while marriage-related exchanges sometimes constrain the autonomy of women in Melanesia, the Langalanga case provides an alternative view.     

二里头文化陶礼器造型艺术研究

二里头文化陶礼器的造型艺术表现为简洁质朴的艺术风格,这与夏代礼制文化中"尚质"的审美倾向十分吻合。陶礼器的造型艺术由黄金比例、纹饰和仿生三种设计方法以体现陶器造型和装饰的简洁与抽象性,而三至四期动物造型装饰的增多则为商代青铜礼器的艺术形式奠定了基础。酒器和食器的器物造型构成了礼仪中行为与时间的观念,以及动与静的礼仪活动的日常行为规范。而高等级墓葬中的稀有陶器斗笠形器,其造型与古人对天的描述相同,它不仅代表了所葬之人的身份与职能,还是上层社会对天祭祀权力的象征。