前马克思主义阶级斗争理论的传播与发展

阶级斗争理论在古希腊提出后,通过神学家的译著在中世纪得到了传播。而在雏科的《新科学》中,这一理论继亚里士多德之后第一次用来分析历史上的阶级斗争。阶级斗争理论的发展则主要是通过圣西门的政治理论和法国复辟时期的历史理论实现的。圣西门不仅突破了阶级划分的传统标准,而且提出了新的阶级概念。更为重要的是,他重视和强调经济因素的作用,提出了所有制的概念。复辟时期的历史学家则使传统的说明由具体上升为一般,将阶级划分标准和阶级斗争爆发的原因概括为“利益关系”,并在阶级斗争的功用问题上提出了动力理论。     

贫困地区旅游开发居民满意度：差异及其成因——以桂林市的5个贫困村落为例

当前,研究贫困地区居民对旅游开发的满意度具有一定的重要性和必要性。本文通过对相关文献的研究,择取10个引起旅游开发居民满意度差异的因素——旅游地生命周期、居民的旅游经济依赖程度、社区归属感、主客接触程度、使用旅游设施频率、在旅游地居住时间、居住地距核心景区的远近、年龄、性别以及文化程度;通过对桂林市5个贫困村落的实地调查,运用方差分析方法,分别考察这些因素对旅游开发居民满意度的影响,并对其成因进行分析。     

《永乐大典》所收《新安志》佚文订误二则

以淳熙《新安志》和弘治《徽州府志》为主要参考,广征其他文献资料,对《永乐大典》所收《新安志》的两则记载中的错误作了订正.     

基于健康视角的城市就业者通勤模式选择及影响因素研究——以南京市为例

中国城市出现的居住和就业"空间不匹配"现象,对就业者日常通勤时间和方式产生了重要影响,进而影响就业者健康状况。依托南京市居民身体活动和健康状况问卷调查数据,根据不同通勤方式身体活动量的大小将就业者的通勤模式分为积极通勤、公共交通通勤和机动车通勤三种,构建多项Logistic回归模型探究城市就业者通勤模式的选择及相关影响因素。结果表明:(1)就业者对自身健康的主观认知和客观身体健康状况以及是否散步等健康行为显著影响通勤模式的选择;(2)通勤时间、加班等与工作相关的变量与就业者机动车通勤显著正相关,雨雪天气与积极通勤显著负相关;(3)个体社会经济属性中性别、年龄、家庭人口规模以及是否拥有小汽车等显著影响通勤模式选择。基于研究结果,本文对如何引导就业者选择更加积极和可持续的通勤模式提出了政策建议。     

聚对二甲苯在文物、图书加固保护中的应用

介绍了新型聚合物保护剂──聚对二甲苯的特性和对文物、图书的加固保护,测定了保护后的加固强度、吸水性、防霉性、防腐性,并进行了加速老化试验。     

袁树勋与宣统年间粤商“承盐加饷”方案

宣统元年,针对广东盐务弊端,署任两广总督袁树勋上呈长篇奏折,提出新商"承盐加饷"方案,以期达到改良盐政和解决赌饷的双重目的。该方案受到社会各阶层的抗议,民间士绅、商人团体、报刊舆论、广东和广西谘议局乃至华人华侨,几乎呈现出一边倒的反对倾向。盐政处派出调查小组实地考察后,决定广东盐务仍由旧商承办,袁树勋终未能实现改良盐务的初衷。     

Micro-CT investigation of ostrich eggshell beads collected from Locality 12, the Shuidonggou site,China

Ostrich eggshell (OES) beads are an important kind of human ornaments, because their production reflects the development of modern human behavior, thinking ability, and cognitive level. Although the manufacture procedure of OES beads has been reconstructed in some Later Stone Age sites and early Neolithic sites, little information is known about detailed drilling technologies. In this study, synchrotron radiation micro-CT (SR-μCT) was firstly used to scan OES beads to understand microstructure, drilling marks, and perforation shape in a non-destructive mode. In contrast to other method to research drilling technologies, SR-μCT has a unique advantage that it could eliminate the influence of the adhering soils in a perforation in case that they are not easily removed. The results indicate that (1) SR-μCT could differentiate the eggshell species between Struthio camelus and Struthio anderssoni in terms of pore distribution. Compared to other destructive methods, including the anatomical method, DNA and protein analysis, the species identification through SR-μCT is non-destructive and faster; (2) the outer and inner surface of OES could be non-destructively judged according to OES microstructure, which would help infer the drilling direction; and (3) the perforation shape and drilling marks are distinct between the discontinuous twisting drilling and the multi-rotary drilling methods on the basis of replication experiments. According to these criteria, SR-μCT was applied to examine OES beads found in Locality 12 of the Shuidonggou (SDG) site in China, which were probably discarded in 1.1 k yr BP. The results show that most of ancient beads were firstly drilled from inside. According to the perforation shape and drilling marks, both the twisting drilling and the multi-rotary drilling method with different kinds of drill bits were used in working beads. Therefore, the people in SDG site mastered a few drilling technologies in the early Holocene, and the use of the multi-rotary drilling method reflects the technical development of ancient people. Up to our knowledge, it is the earliest known evidence of the application of the multi-rotary drilling method in China. Furthermore, this study will provide a new approach and important reference to understand drilling technologies of much older OES beads in the Later Stone Age or Upper Paleolithic Age.     

可溶性淀粉脱水加固定型出土饱水木质文物研究

出土饱水木质文物的保护是文保中的难点,本文探讨用可溶性淀粉、助溶剂等组成的脱水加固定型材料对出土饱水木质文物进行处理。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱等对处理前后的木质文物的各项收缩率、裂隙、扭曲及变形等外观的观察分析,结果表明该种脱水加固定型材料与出土饱水木质文物具有很好的相容性,处理后的木质文物保持了器物的原形及木质原有的色泽、质感。     

晚清私修志书《石窟一徵》述评

《石窟一徵》是一部完成于成丰年间的私修志书,主要记述清代广东嘉应州镇平县（今梅州市蕉岭县）历史沿革、民众生计、社会风俗、方言等方面的内容。其中以社会日常生活方面的内容居多,因而具有较高的史学价值,受到时人的好评。随着晚清民国以来客家意识在广东嘉应地区的兴起以及客家研究的开展,该著开始被认为是客家文化研究的重要文本,特别是书中所记述的文化事象,常常被研究者视为独具特色的客家文化,但笔者以为这是以后起之观念和价值去解读该著,这一做法需要谨慎。