中国战时儿童保育会述略

抗战初期成立的战时儿童保育会,是由共产党倡导,国共合作,有各界爱国人士参加的中国妇女界的救亡团体,八年间在十分艰苦的条件下救助和保育了近3万名战时难童。为抗战做出了贡献,为民族培育了未来。本文对这一段历史做一简要的叙述。     

学科共识、认知美德和学者角色——化解历史知识客观性问题的新思路

通常而言,客观性是客体的属性和特征,与主观性相对立。以此为对照,历史知识的客观性问题就展现为历史实在论与历史相对主义之间的辩难,难分仲伯。换一种思路而言,当代新实用主义历史哲学家则认为客观性与主观性是可区分但不可分离的整体,在横向结构上,历史知识的客观性是"自我、他者与世界"共在的语义三角,在纵向历程上,历史知识的客观性也是一个不断辩证发展的过程。在社会认识论或史学社会学的视野下,在自我与他者所组成的学术共同体之中,历史知识的客观性就具有了规范性的涵义。历史知识作为一种公共性的知识,历史知识的客观性就是历史学家群体之间所签订的"真之契约",是历史学家群体不断协商和试错出来的学科共识,同时也需要史家的认知美德和学者角色提供担保。     

苏州地区传统民宅门楣辟邪物研究

门楣辟邪物能祈求福气,驱邪避祸,它体现了一个地区的民俗习惯和文化,门楣辟邪器物虽然无法证实其保家驱灾能力的真实性,但是其中确确实实蕴涵着人们心灵上的寄托。     

李渔的建筑装饰思想及现代启示

李渔作为“文人系之建筑思想”的代表人物之一,其建筑装饰思想主要体现在崇尚自然,重视环境;尊重个性,重在创新;强调实用与空间相宜;尚平淡雅致,忌奢华等诸方面。李渔的建筑装饰思想,是中国古代文人的人意识和情趣在建筑装饰上的集中反映,是对中国古代建筑装饰思想的发扬和光大,它对现代建筑装饰设计和施工,具有十分重要和现实的指导意义。     

浅谈语文教学中的情感体验

在语文教学中要注重情感体验,以唤起学生的主体意识,充分发挥学生的主观能动性,更好地落实新课标的要求。可以说,注重情感体验,语文教学就成功了一半,情感教育应是语文教学的生命。     

德意志史学与历史哲学在19世纪法国的传播及其影响探析

19世纪是法国史学发展的黄金时期,究其原因,既有法国国内各种因素的影响,也与这一时期法国史学对近邻德国的学习和借鉴有关。斯塔尔夫人的《论德国》最早将德国古典历史哲学介绍给法国人,此后,基内与库赞在将赫尔德、黑格尔为代表的德国历史哲学引入法国上着力最著。兰克为代表的德国实证史学在主导19世纪德国史学研究的同时,也于法国史学界产生重大影响,以莫诺、拉维斯、瑟诺博司为首的法国史学家在借鉴兰克史学的基础上,推动法国实证史学在学科化与专业化的道路上迅速发展。     

谢圣纶与《滇黔志略》

滇、黔两地,自古以来即渊源深厚,各方面关系密切。清乾隆间,福建人谢圣纶根据两省史志及本人见闻所辑《滇黔志略》,成为现存中国古代方志中仅见而级别最高的“合志”。该书从社会和自然方面将滇、黔两省远古至清初的大事浓缩其中,堪称一部综合性的滇、黔古代简志,为人们了解两省的历史发展提供了极大方便。     

由域外上古记叙史学看顾颉刚先生的“层累”理论

“层累”理论是对中国上古记叙史学形成、演进轨迹的描述与概括。西欧、西亚、南亚等历史悠久、神话传说丰富地区的上古记叙史学的形成与演进,证明了这一理论;当代西方、日本学者对上古记叙史学与上古神话学的研究,也印证了这一理论。由此可见,“层累”理论不仅适用于中国上古记叙史学,而且适用于这些地区的上古记叙史学,甚至适用于更大的范围,因而是对世界上古记叙史学形成轨迹的一种描述和演进规律的一种揭示。这样看来,这一理论的意义和地位应予重新估价。     

Phytoliths and microcharcoal at Jinluojia archeological site in middle reaches of Yangtze River indicative of paleoclimate and human activity during the last 3000 years

A variety of phytoliths, together with prolific microcharcoal particles, sponge spicules and diatoms were extracted and identified in four cultural layers from an archeological site at Jinluojia, Macheng, Hubei Province, Central China. The warmth (Iw) and aridity (Iph) indices calculated from grass phytoliths reveal warm and wet periods during the West Zhou, early East Zhou, Tang and Song Dynasties whilst cool and dry periods occurred during the late East Zhou, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The paleoclimate conditions reconstructed on the basis of grass phytoliths extracted from archeological sediments are in agreement with those from natural sediments in the Middle Yangtze region. In contrast, the woody phytoliths show a positive correlation with microcharcoal particles, suggesting an anthropogenic contribution to the woody phytoliths from the use of woody plants for fuel during cooking and heating. Two episodes of the enhanced abundance of woody phytoliths and microcharcoal particles were found to occur at East Zhou Dynasty and from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Present, proposed to be a consequence of the population expansion and/or the frequent wars.     

Culture,emotional transnationalism and mental distress: family relations and well-being among Taiwanese immigrant women

Immigrant women's vulnerability to mental distress has been recognized in the literature and yet the socio-cultural causes of their distress have rarely been explored. On the basis of a case study of Taiwanese immigrants residing in Chicago, this article illustrates the dynamic contexts within which Taiwanese immigrant women's distress is produced at home and explains the social and cultural factors that engender the women's distress. In this article I argue that Taiwanese immigrant women frequently shift back and forth between Taiwanese and American cultural norms in an effort to apply effective behavioral guidance and justifications to interactions with their spouses, children and in-laws. The term ‘emotional transnationalism’ is used to describe the psychological experience associated with transnational cultural practices. Distress is often generated as these women struggle with feelings of ambivalence and contradictions that confront them in their search for cultural identities. The severity of distress is largely determined by the power hierarchies between women and those with whom they interact. Married women's status as subordinate to their in-laws creates more negative experiences than any other status.