Imperialism in Conservative Defence and Foreign Policy: Leo Amery and the Chamberlains, 1903–39

This article explores the place of imperialism in aspects of Conservative defence and foreign policy between 1903 and 1939, through a comparative study of Leo Amery and the three Chamberlains (Joseph, Austen and Neville), all of whom were nominally imperialists. The article draws conclusions in two general areas. First, it argues that there has not been enough attention to the diversity of imperialist approaches to policy. Exploring the army reform controversy of 1903 suggests a fault line between some imperialists over whether imperial unity could be developed from intra-colonial or extra-colonial sources. Second, the paper contends that the functions of imperialism in Conservative policy have not been fully understood, with previous work focusing largely on social and economic policy. The article points to the existence of an ‘imperial foreign policy’ strategy within the Conservative party in the 1920s and 1930s. The historiography of imperialism within the Conservative party should therefore recognise the diversity of imperialist approaches to policy and consider the application of imperial thinking to discussions on foreign policy.     

Invading Mongols and the Preservation of Korean Traditions: The Monk Iryŏn and the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms

In the thirteenth century, when the Kingdom of Kory?—a state ancestral to modern Korea—was threatened culturally as well as politically by Mongol invasion and domination, a leading monk of that era, Iry?n, undertook to record the folklore of the ancient period, the era of the so-called Three Kingdoms, and to compile it into a major work. This effort might now be called ‘salvage folklore’, but the way in which Iry?n conducted his research and analysed his materials suggests that he should be regarded as Korea’s first folklorist, and that his work, the Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, should be regarded as the earliest extant compendium of folkloric material from Korea.     

BOOK REVIEWS

TRISTAN AND ISOLT. A Study of the Sources of the Romance. By GERTRUDE SCHOEPPERLE. (New York University. Ottendorfer Memorial Series of Germanic Monographs, No. 3.) 2 vols. Frankfurt-a.-Main: J. Baer &; Co., 1913. 8vo., pp. 590. No p. Reviewed by Eleanor Hull.

LE ROMAN IDYLLIQUE AU MOYEN ÂGE. By MYRRHA LOTBORODINE. Paris: Auguste Picard, 1914. 8vo, pp. 271. Reviewed by Jessie L. Weston.

MUTTER ERDE. Ein Versuch über Volksreligion. Von ALBRECHT DIETERICH. Zweite Auflage. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, 1913. Pp. vi + 138. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

HERBALS. Their Origin and Evolution. A Chapter in the History of Botany, 1470–1670. By AGNES ARBER. Cambridge : Univ. Press, 1912. 8vo. pp. xviii + 253. Ill. 10s. 6d. n. Reviewed by D. H. Moutray Read.

UNSERE PFLANZEN. Ihre Namenerklarung und ihre Stellung in der Mythologie und in Volksaberglauben. By FRANZ SOHNS. 5te Auflage. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1912. Sm. 8vo, pp. viii + 212. 3 m. Reviewed by D. H. Moutray Read.

WANDERINGS IN THE ISLE OF WIGHT. By ETHEL C. HARGROVE. Andrew Melrose, 1913. 8vo, pp. x + 312. 6s. n. Reviewed by D. H. Moutray Read.

KULLERVO-HAMLET. EINSAGENVERGLEICHENDER VERSUCH. Von E. N. SETÄLÄ. Reprinted from Finnish-Ugrischen Forschungen, vols, iii., vii., x. Helsingfors: 8vo, pp. vi + 197. Reviewed by H. J. Rose.

SAGEN UND MÄRCHEN AUS DEM OBERWALLIS. AUS dem Volksmunde gesammelt von J. JEGERLEHNER. Basel: Verlag der Schweiz. Gesellschaft für Volkskunde, 1913. 8vo, pp. xii + 348. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

DER HELD IM DEUTSCHEN UND RUSSISCHEN MÄRCHEN. By AUGUST VON LÖWIS OF MENAR. Jena; Eugen Diederichs, 1912. 8vo, pp. 139. 3 m. Reviewed by W. R. Halliday.

PIEDMONT. By ESTELLA CANZIANI and ELEANOUR ROHDE. With 50 repro. of pictures and many line drawings by Estella Canziani. Chatto &; Windus, 1913. 4to, pp. viii + 204. 21s. n. Reviewed by A. R. Wright.