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991.
Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud Ezz Eldin Abed al-Sameh Al-Shazly Abdel-Rahman El-Amin 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(3):291-308
The process of mummification had been known since the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom (ca. 2600 bc) and continued to develop throughout ancient Egyptian history. Although mummification protected the body from decay, especially
by microbes, some mummification techniques left the body susceptible to insect attack. Certain types of insects have been
detected in the mummies. In scholarly publications, most authors have dealt with microorganisms, while few have concerned
themselves in depth with the effect of insects on the mummies. This study aims to discuss the significance of insects and
the changes they affected to the mummies during embalming. To achieve this goal, experiments were carried out replicating
various mummification techniques using albino Wistar rats. Analysis and investigative techniques used included visual observation,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, investigation of the surface morphology by a scanning electron microscope, and color
change by a spectrophotometer. The following insects could be identified as being present during the second and third processes
of mummification: Dermestes maculatus, Necrobia rufipes, Saprinus gilvicornis, Chrysomya albiceps, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, and Attagenus fasciatus. In addition, the majority of our findings confirmed that the degradation by insects increased with the second and third
methods of mummification. Finally, the experimental study conducted using the mummification techniques of the New Kingdom
(ca. 1570–1070 bc) indicated that they were more resistant to insect attack than the other types. 相似文献
992.
Hugo R. Oliveira Huw Jones Fiona Leigh Diane L. Lister Martin K. Jones Leonor Peña-Chocarro 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(4):327-341
Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) was one of the first cereals to be domesticated in the Old World ca. 10,000 years ago and to spread towards Europe and
North Africa. Its cultivation declined before the Iron Age and it remains today only as a relic crop in remote areas. To investigate
if the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in modern einkorn landrace accessions could be informative about the movement
of this crop during prehistory, we genotyped 50 accessions of einkorn from Europe, North Africa and the Near East. Using nuclear
and chloroplast microsatellites and clustering methods, we detected two main gene pools in einkorn. The distribution of these
lineages revealed differences between accessions from Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe and the Near
East and suggests different regional dynamics in the spread of this crop. 相似文献
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Philip Rahtz 《Medieval archaeology》2013,57(1):53-66
A RUNE-INSCRIBED STONE was found built into the partition wall of a substantial ‘hall-like’ structure. It is translated ‘Porsteinn Einarsson cawed these runes’. 相似文献
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