Protecting Libya's Archaeological Heritage

Libya's archaeological heritage is truly spectacular, comparatively little studied and hugely under threat. Following an extended period of isolation, improvement in Libya's relations with the rest of the world and a rise in the price of oil have stimulated a huge amount of development in the country, especially in the hydrocarbon and infrastructure sectors of the economy. With a rapidly growing population, and expanding youth unemployment, the Libyan government is attempting to develop a new way forward for its society and economy. Archaeology and heritage have not traditionally been high on Libya's agenda. The custodian of Libyan heritage, the Department of Antiquities, has been poorly supported by the state (perhaps in part relating to postcolonial Libya's ambivalent feelings towards its past) and is now badly positioned to deal with the nature and scale of development threats in the cities, the agricultural zone, and especially the desert where the greatest number of heritage assets are located. Most major development projects in these areas and elsewhere have been undertaken with little or no archaeological impact assessment, monitoring or mitigation activities, with unfortunate consequences for buried and standing archaeological remains. There are some encouraging signs of a sea change in the state's attitude to archaeology, heritage, conservation and tourism.     

Unsafe drinking water quality in remote Western Australian Aboriginal communities

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important in the fields of public health and health geography because of its heavy burden on the health system and high cost of treatment in its advanced stages. The causes of CKD are associated with diabetes and hypertension, but in some parts of the world, the disease occurs in the absence of these factors. Researchers identify this condition as CKD of “unknown” causes (CKDu). CKDu is a multi‐factored health problem and one suspected causal factor is contaminated drinking water. The disease occurs globally but is found in particularly high concentrations among people of certain ethnic and disadvantaged social groups living in very different locations around the world. CKD has become endemic in Western Australia where hospital admissions for Aboriginal people requiring renal dialysis or treatment for diabetes are much higher than for the general population. The possible proportions of CKDu cases among the CKD patients are unknown. This study examines the drinking water quality among communities such as these. Water chemistry analysis in these areas indicates that the nitrate and uranium content greatly exceed officially recommended levels. Most of these communities rely on raw groundwater to supply their domestic needs, and it is very likely that the people are unwittingly ingesting high levels of nitrates and uranium, probably including uranyl nitrates. Very few such remote communities have access to treated drinking water, and cost‐effective water treatment systems are required to provide potable water at the local scale.     

Negara Ubud: The Theatre‐state in Twenty‐first‐century Bali

In his book Negara: The Theatre‐state in Nineteenth‐century Bali (1980), Clifford Geertz argued that ceremonial display, rather than material power, was the real basis and indeed the purpose of pre‐colonial states in Bali, and by extension South East Asia. This article argues, on the basis of historical and ethnographic evidence from one of these kingdoms, that he was largely wrong about pre‐colonial Bali, but that, ironically and presciently, his model makes increasing sense in early twenty‐first century Bali. The article also discusses the reasons for this and finally suggests a more dynamic model based on Bourdieu’s metaphor of material and symbolic capital, which seeks to bring Geertz’s essentially static model to historical life.     

Notocarpos garratti gen. et sp. nov., a new Silurian mitrate carpoid from Victoria

Notocarpos garratti gen. et sp. nov. is described from the middle Ludlovian Humevale Formation of the Clonbinane district, Victoria. It is compared with similar anomalocystitid carpoids and is found to resemble most closely Allanicytidium flemingi Caster & Gill 1968 from the Early Devonian Reefton Beds of New Zealand. N. garratti provides evidence that anomalocystitids rested with the flattened thecal surface against the sea floor (i.e., an orientation opposite to that proposed by Jefferies, 1968). It is further suggested that the stele was adapted to provide a rearward mode of locomotion.     

Reviews

Australian. Robert Manne, The Petrov Affair: Politics and Espionage, Sydney, Pergamon, 1987, pp.310. $28.50 (cloth), $19.00 (paper).

P. Loveday and D. Wade‐Marshall (eds), Economy and People in the North, Australian National University & North Australia Research Unit, Darwin, 1985, pp. 294. $18.00 (paper).

Barry M. Coldrey, Critical Issues in Peace Studies, Melbourne, Edward Arnold, 1987, pp. 151. $15.95 (paper).

G. Zdenkqwski, C. Ronalds and M. Richardson, The Criminal Injustice System, Volume 2, Pluto Press, Sydney and London, 1987, pp.325. $19.95 (paper).

Drew Hutton (ed.), Green Politics in Australia, Sydney, Angus & Robertson, 1987, pp. 245. $14.95 (paper).

Philip Ayres, Malcolm Fraser: A Biography, Melbourne, Heinemann, 1987, pp. 518. $39.95 (cloth).

Denis White & David Kemp (eds), Malcolm Fraser on Australia, Melbourne, Hill of Content, 1986, pp. 240. $19.95 (paper).

Comparative and International. Gavan McCormack & Yoshi Sugimoto (eds), Democracy in Contemporary Japan, Sydney, Hale & Iremonger, New York, M.E. Sharpe Inc.; 1986, pp.272, $14.95 (paper).

Richard Robison, Indonesia: the Rise of Capital, Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1986, pp. 425. $19.95 (paper).

Frederic Spotts and Theodor Wieser, Italy: A Difficult Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986, pp.329. $32.00 (paper).

Ferenc Feher and Agnes Heller, Doomsday or Deterrence? On the Antinuclear Issue, New York, Sharpe, 1986, pp.153. U.S.$12.95 (paper).

Rasul B. Rais, The Indian Ocean and the Superpowers, London, Croom Helm, 1986, pp. 215. £25.00 (cloth).

Neil Harding (ed.), The State in Socialist Society, Oxford/London, St Antony's/Macmillan, 1984, pp.316. $18.95 (paper).

Peter Raina (ed.), Poland 1981: Towards Social Renewal, London, Allen & Unwin, 1985, pp. 472. $55.00 (cloth).

Rasma Karklins, Ethnic Relations in the USSR: The Perspective from Below, Boston, Allen & Unwin, 1986, pp. 256. $54.00 (cloth).

A.E. Holmans, Housing Policy in Britain, London, Croom Helm, 1987, pp. 489. £29.95 (cloth).

William H. Flanigan and Nancy H. Zingale, Political Behavior of the American Electorate. Boston, Allyn and Bacon, sixth edition, 1987, pp. 221. $33.95 (paper).

Political Theory and Methodology. Andrew Cox. Paul Furlong and Edward Page, Power in Capitalist Society: Theory, Explanations and Cases, Brighton UK, Wheatsheaf Books, 1985, pp. 235. $29.95 (paper).

Harry Beran, The Consent Theory of Political Obligation, Sydney, Croom Helm, 1987, pp.167. £25.00 (cloth).

John Dunn, The Politics of Socialism: An Essay in Political Theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp.103. $13.25 (paper).

John Gyford, The Politics of Local Socialism, London, Allen & Unwin, 1985, pp. 124. $16.95 (paper).

Andrew Levine, Arguing For Socialism: Theoretical Considerations, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984, pp.241. $39.95 (cloth).

Peter Beilharz, Trotsky, Trotskyism and the Transition to Socialism, London and Sydney, Croom Helm, 1987, pp. 197. $82.95 (cloth).

William Borman, Gandhi and Non‐Violence, Albany, N.Y., State University of New York Press, 1986, pp. 287. US$39.50 (cloth), US$12.95 (paper).

Women. Judith Evans et al., Feminism and Political Theory, London, Sage, 1986, pp.155. £5.95 (paper).

Colleen Burke, Doherty's Corner, Sydney, Sirius Books, 1987, pp.154. $9.95 (paper).     

Book reviews

Australian Politics. Sharon Beder, The Nature of Sustainable Development (Newham, Vic: Scribe Publications, 1993) pp.304 $32.95 ISBN 0 908011 24 5.

Stephen Bell, Australian Manufacturing and the State: The polities of industry policy in the post‐war era (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1993) pp.276 $29.95 ISBN 0521 44800 X.

Ann Capling and Brian Galligan, Beyond the Protective State: The political economy of Australia's manufacturing industry policy (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1992) pp.272 $29.95 ISBN 0 521 42629 4.

Hugh V. Emy, Remaking Australia: The State, the Market, and Australia's Future (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1993) pp.257 $19.95 ISBN 1 86373 450 3.

Murray Goot and Rodney Tiffen (eds), Australia's Gulf War (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1992) pp.304 $24.95 ISBN 0 522 84463 4.

John Halligan and John Power, Political Management in the 1990s (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1992) pp.310 $27.95 ISBN 0 19 553428 X.

Race Mathews, Australia's First Fabians: Middle‐class Radicals, Labour Activists and the Early Labour Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) pp.284 $29.95 ISBN 0 521 44678 3.

Uldis Ozolins, The Polities of Language in Australia (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1993) pp.287 $35.00 ISBN 0 521 44786 0.

Malcolm Saunders, Quiet Dissenter: The life and thought of an Australian pacifist Eleanor May Moore, 1875–1949, Monograph no. 12 (Peace Research Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, 1993), pp.398 $n.p. ISBN 0 7315 1321 5.

R.B. Scotton and C.R. Macdonald, The Making of Medibank (Sydney: School of Health Services Management, University of New South Wales, 1993) pp.320 $35.00 ISBN 0 85832 081 9.

Rodney Smith (ed.), Politics in Australia, 2nd ed. (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1993) pp.341 $24.95 ISBN 1 86373 341 8.

Patrick Weller, John Forster and Glyn Davis (eds.), Reforming the Public Service: Lessons from Recent Experience (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1993) pp.258 $29.95 ISBN 0 7329 2390 5.

Comparative and International Politics. Ian Ayres and John Braithwaite, Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate. Oxford Socio‐Legal Studies, general editors Donald R. Harris et al (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) pp.205 $55.00 ISBN 0 19 507070 4.

Robert H. Bates and Anne O. Krueger (eds), Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform (Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1993) pp.481 £55.00 ISBN 1 55786 340 7.

John Baylis and N.J. Rengger (eds), Dilemmas of World Politics. International Issues in a Changing World (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992) pp.438 $37.50. ISBN 0 19 827350 9.

Coral Bell, Dependent Ally: A Study In Australian Foreign Policy (Canberra: Allen & Unwin in association with Department of International Relations, RSPacS, ANU) pp.205 $24.95 ISBN 1 86373 400 7.

Frank Castles (ed.), The Comparative History of Public Policy (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989) pp.340 $39.95 ISBN 0 7456 1069 2.

J. Patrick Dobel, Compromise and Political Action: Political Morality in Liberal and Democratic Life (Savage, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1990) pp.215 $n.p. ISBN 0 84767604 8.

Michael Gleeson, Toni Allan, Michael Wilkins, An Act of Corruption: Nick Greiner's years in Power and His Unorthodox Demise (Sydney: ABC, 1992) pp.234 $n.p. ISBN 07333 02637 7.

Peter de Leon, Thinking About Political Corruption (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1993) pp.241 $US16.50 ISBN 0 87332 839 6.

Michael Button, Policing and Punishment in China: From Patriarchy to ‘the People’ (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) pp.354 $75.00 ISBN 0 521 40097 X.

David J. Elkins, Manipulation and Consent: How Voters and Leaders Manage Complexity (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1993) pp.248 $Can65.00 ISBN 0 7748 0424 6.

Kofi Buenor Hadjor, The Penguin Dictionary of Third World Terms (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1992) pp. 305 $16.95 ISBN 0 14 051293 4.

Richard Heffernan and Mike Marqusee, Defeat from the Jaws of Victory: Inside Kinnock's Labour Party (London and New York: Verso, 1992) pp.344 $37.95 ISBN 0 86091 561 1.

James C. Hslung (ed.), Asia Pacific in the New World Politics (Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1993) pp.265 $US18.95 ISBN 1 55587 355 3.

George F. Kennan, The Other Balkan Wars: A 1913 Carnegie Endowment Inquiry in Retrospect with a New Introduction and Reflections on the Present (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1993) pp.418 $US15.95 ISBN 0 87078 032 9.

Walter Laqueur, Europe in Our Time: History 1945–92 (London: Penguin, 1993) pp.617 $19.95 ISBN 0 14 013969 9.

Andrew MacIntyre and Kanishka Jayasuriya (eds), The Dynamics of Economic Policy Reform in South‐East Asia and the South‐West Pacific (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1992) pp.256 $55.95 ISBN 0 19 588584 8.

Stephen McBride, Not Working: State. Unemployment, and Neo‐Conservatism in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992) pp.259 $Can19.95 ISBN 0 8020 5998 8.

Barrett L. McCormick, Political Reform in Post‐Mao China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990) pp.222 $n.p ISBN 0 520 06765 7.

T.B. Millar and James Walter (eds), Asian‐Pacific Security After the Cold War, 2nd ed., (Canberra: Allen & Unwin/Department of International Relations, Australian National University, 1993) pp.142 $n.p. ISBN 1 86373 398 1.

James W. Morley (ed.) Driven by Growth: Political Change in the Asia‐Pacific Region (Armonk N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1993) pp.346 $US55.00 ISBN 1 56324 013 0.

Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Pandaemonium: Ethnicity in International Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) pp.221 $54.95 ISBN 0 19 827787 3.

B. Guy Peters and Anthony Barker (eds), Advising West European Governments (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1993) pp.228 $£30.00 ISBN 0 7486 0357 3.

Anthony Barker and B. Guy. Peters (eds), The Politics of Expert Advice (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1993) pp.129 $£25.00 ISBN 0 7486 0349 2.

Jonas Pontusson, The Limits of Social Democracy: Investment Politics in Sweden (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992) pp.261 $US31.35 ISBN 0 8014 2652 9.

Joseph Rothschild, Return to Diversity. A Political History of East Central Europe Since World War II (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) pp.299 $28.95 ISBN 0 19 507382 7.

Michael Waller, The End of the Communist Power Monopoly (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993) pp.287 $35.00 ISBN 0 7190 3820 0.

Steven A. Shull, A Kinder, Gentler Racism? The Reagan‐Bush Civil Rights Legacy (Armonk: New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1993) pp.256 $US20.00 ISBN 156324 240 0.

Mark Sproule‐Jones, Governments at Work: Canadian Parliamentary Federalism and Its Public Policy Effects (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993) pp.291 $n.p. ISBN 0 8020 7355 7.

C. Tilly, Coercion, Capital and European States, AD 990–1992 (Cambridge M.A. and Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) pp.271 $39.95 ISBN 1 55786 368 7.

Chris Ward, Stalin's Russia (London: Edward Arnold, 1993) pp.241 $32.95 ISBN 07131 6530 8.

Christopher Weeramantry, Nauru: Environmental Damage Under International Trusteeship (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1992) pp.448 $65.00 ISBN 0 19 553289 9.

Stephen White, Alex Pravda, Zvi Gitelman (eds), Developments in Soviet and Post‐Soviet Politics, 2nd ed. (Durham NC: Duke University Press and Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1992) pp.347 $US19.95 ISBN 0 8223 12670.

Avner Yaniv (ed.), National Security and Democracy in Israel (An Israel Democracy Institute Policy Study) (London: Lynne Rienner, 1993) pp.257 $n.p. ISBN 1 5587 394 4.

Political Theory and Methodology. Ian Adams, Political Ideology Today (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 1993) pp.369 $27.50 ISBN 0 7190 3347 0.

W.J. Stankiewicz, In Search of a Political Philosophy: Ideologies at the Close of the Twentieth Century (London and New York: Routledge, 1993) pp.460 $130.00 ISBN 0 415 08874 7.

Frederick Beiser (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Hegel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) pp.518 $35.00 ISBN 0 521 38711 6.

Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner (eds), The Global Resurgence of Democracy (Baltimore and London: John Hopkins University Press, 1993) pp.336 $US29.95 ISBN 0 8018 4564 3.

Robyn Eckersley, Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach (London: UCL Press, 1992) pp.274 $29.95 ISBN 1 85728 020 2.

Robert Goodin, Green Political Theory (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992) pp.240 $39.95 ISBN 0 7456 1027 7.

Murray Forsyth, Maurice Keens‐Soper and John Hoffman (eds), The Political Classics: Hamilton to Mill (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) pp.250 $28.95 ISBN 0 19 878026 5.

Donald F. Miller, The Reason of Metaphor. A Study in Politics (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1992) pp.268 $n.p. ISBN 0 8039 9410 9.

Chantal Mouffe, The Return of the Political (London: Verso, 1993) pp.156 $37.95 ISBN 0 86091 660 X.

Philip Pettit, The Common Mind (New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1993) pp.365 $59.95 ISBN 0 19 507818 7.

Maurice Roche, Rethinking Citizenship: Welfare, Ideology and Change in Modern Society (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992) pp.280 $39.95 ISBN 0 7456 0307 6.     

Political information among first‐year Australian politics students: Queensland

This paper is a preliminary investigation into the process of acquiring political information. Data are derived from a survey of students enrolling in the introductory Australian politics course at the University of Queensland in 1980 and compared with similar data from earlier surveys at two NSW Universities. Two types of political information are distinguished—information about political institutions and recognition of political figures. The effects of ten independent variables are shown to be different for the two types of political information. It is hypothesized that information about political institutions is dependent primarily on attitudes towards politics, while recognition of political figures is dependent primarily on exposure to information about them. Sex of the respondents is found to have a powerful and independent effect on both types of political information.