清代江西诬扳漕运军丁讼案浅析——以《康熙四十五年诬扳军案集录一本永远存据》为例

清代漕运军丁是由明代卫所军户演变而来,原有卫所屯田的屯丁成为赡运漕粮的军丁。由于漕运军丁担负的造运漕船之责不仅耗费甚巨,而且兑漕任务艰辛危险,军丁避之若虎,因而军丁隐匿逃避,互相推诿,甚至诬扳民人为军丁的案件时有发生。本文通过对清代康熙年间发生在江西吉水县的诬扳军控案进行个案分析,由此探寻诬扳漕运军丁身份纠纷背后的社会经济根源,进而剖析诉讼展开过程中官方考量与民间诉求的互动关系。     

Investigation of ancient noodles,cakes, and millet at the Subeixi Site,Xinjiang, China

Ancient foodstuffs, including noodles, cakes, and common millet, were excavated from the Subeixi Cemeteries (cal. 500–300 years BC), Turpan District in Xinjiang, China. Starch grain and phytolith analyses were undertaken to identify the plant species involved. These indicate that the noodles and cakes were made from Panicum miliaceum. Ancient food preparation technologies were also investigated by cooking experiments.