“Verily the Road was Built with Chinaman’s Bones”: An Archaeology of Chinese Line Camps in Montana

Transcontinental railroads conveyed information and resources that fueled the Gilded Age’s quintessential financial and political corporate corruption and related social inequalities. Construction of the transcontinentals required massive numbers of laborers who lived in temporary “line camps” along the railroad grades. A sample of spatially and ethnically segregated Chinese line camps along the transcontinental Northern Pacific Railroad in the Rocky Mountains of northwestern Montana provide historical and archaeological examples of the Gilded Age’s pervasive racist mistreatment of the Chinese, culminating in Chinese exclusion laws.     

The Colored Bridges Problem: In Memory of Frank Harary (1921–2005)

A town has a network of walkways running through it, each colored gray. A red bridge is constructed between every two walkway intersections that are two blocks apart, and a blue bridge is constructed between every two intersections that are three blocks apart. The colored bridges problem asks whether it is possible to take a round‐trip about the town passing through each of its intersections exactly once such that during this trip the walkway or bridge used to enter every intersection is of a different color than that used to exit it. With the aid of graph theory, we show that such a round‐trip is always possible when the walkways of the town form a grid. Conditions are determined under which no blue bridges are needed. Una ciudad tiene una red de caminos de color gris que la atraviesan. Un puente rojo se construye entre cada dos intersecciones de caminos separados por dos manzanas y un puente azul se construye entre cada dos intersecciones que están a tres manzanas de distancia. El problema de los puentes de colores se pregunta si es posible hacer un viaje alrededor de la ciudad pasando por cada una de las intersecciones exactamente una sola vez de modo que durante este viaje el camino o puente utilizado para entrar en cada intersección es de color distinto al que se utiliza para salir. Con la ayuda de la teoría de grafos, mostramos que tal viaje es siempre posible cuando los caminos de la ciudad forman una cuadrícula. Se determinan las condiciones bajo las cuales no son necesarios los puentes azules. 城镇中贯穿于其中的通道构成的网络标记为灰色。任意两个分离区域的通道交叉处构建一个红色的桥,而三个分离区域的两两交叉处则构建一个蓝色的桥。有色桥问题是关于能否对任意交叉处仅通过一次就能遍历整个城镇,也就是在该旅程中在进入和走出每个交叉点的道路或桥是不同颜色的问题。借助于图论,本文显示了当城镇道路网络构建格网时,上述路径总是存在的。当不需要蓝色的桥时,条件是完全确定的。     

Playing Dead: Mock Trauma and Folk Drama in Staged High School Drunk Driving Tragedies

LIFE IS LIKE A CHICKEN COOP LADDER; A PORTRAIT OF GERMAN CULTURE THROUGH FOLKLORE. By ALAN DUNDES. Colombia University Press, 1984. Pp. 174. $23.50. 0 231 05494 7. Reviewed by Nicholas Tucker

TRADITIONAL DANCE, vol. 2: Historicál Perspectives: Proceedings of the Second Traditional Dance Conference, March 1982. F.d. THERESA BUCKLAND. Crewe &; Alsager College of Higher Education. Pp. 90. 0 263 9033. Reviewed by Sandra Billington.

FAIRY TALES AND THE ART OF SUBVERSION: THE CLASSICAL GENRE FOR CHILDREN AND THE PROCESS OF CIVILIZATION. By JACK ZIPES. Heinemann, 1983. 214 pp. Reviewed by Ruth Glass.

THE TRIALS AND TRIBULATIONS OF LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD. Versions of the Tale in Sociocultural Context. By JACK ZIPES. Hefnemann, 1983. 300 pp., Ill. Reviewed by Ruth Glass.

MYTH IN AFRICA: A STUDY OF ITS AESTHETIC AND CULTURAL RELEVANCE. By Isodore Okpewho. Cambridge University Press, 1983. Pp x., 305. £20.00 0 521 24554 0. Reviewed by J. Knappert.

GURAGE FOLKLORE. By WOLF LESLAU. Studien zur Kulturkunde 63. Publ. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1982. Pp. XIV, 327. DM 118. 3 515 03513 3. Reviewed by Jan Knappert.

CELTIC FOLKLORE AND CHRISTIANITY. Ed. by PATRICK K. FORD. McNally and Loftin, Publishers, Santa Barbara, California, 1983. ISBN 0 87461 052 4. 225 pp. $18. Reviewed by Jacqueline Simpson.

WEREWOLF AND VAMPIRE IN ROMANIA. By HARRY A. SENN. New York: Columbia University Press (for East European Quarterly), East European Monographs No. XCIC, 1982. 148pp. ISBN 0-914710-93-1. Reviewed by Alby Stone.

THE NIGHT BATTLES: WITCHCRAFT AND AGRARIAN CULTS IN THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES. By CARLO GINZBURG. Translated by JOHN &; ANNE TEDESCHI. Foreword by ERIC HOBSBAWN. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1983. 209 pp. ISBN 0-7100-8507-4. Reviewed by Alby Stone.

STUDIES IN MALTESE FOLKLORE. By J. CASSAR-PULLICINO. University of Malta, 1976. Reviewed by Alan Smith.     

商王朝恐怖主义策略起源与兴衰背景--同中美洲阿兹特克帝国恐怖主义策略比较分析

文章分析了商王朝恐怖主义策略在商代政治领域的兴衰及背景,结合同中美洲阿兹特克帝国恐怖主义策略及其历史背景的对比观察,认识到恐怖主义在国策中作用的兴衰,同有关统治者的统治自信心强弱程度以及周围政治环境对他压力的大小息息相关。当一个原本弱小的文化在短期内拥有和控制广大疆域和众多民族的国家时,恐怖主义策略是常被采用的统治方法之一。     

Communications, innovation, and territory: the production network of Swift Meat Packing and the creation of a national US market

This study is an historical and theoretical account of how market territory, configured from flows of production and trade, gets reshaped by the innovative behavior of business firms. The research for this study focuses on the production network developed in the late nineteenth century by the American firm of G.F. Swift & Company. The central theme of this case is how businesses reorganize their strategies, routines and structure as transport and communications technology changes, and how the innovations in production networks engineered by firms as part of this reorganization, become territorially embedded and reconfigure the space for economic activity. The production network pioneered by Swift from railroad and telegraph technology, created long-distance production and trade linkages in the economy that widened the boundaries of formerly-localized markets, and established the foundations of a more geographically-extended, nationally-oriented market space. As it widened market boundaries, however, the network of Swift concentrated economic activity in new places. The essay builds a theoretical framework of the route from the ‘communications revolution,’ to the process of innovation in the firm, to the production network, to territorial transformation. This framework reveals how the railroad and telegraph revolution enabled firms in the US to develop innovations in production networks on the basis of vertically-integrated, geographically-dispersed enterprises organized over a national market space. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved     

Population–Employment Models: Stationarity, Cointegration, and Dynamic Adjustment

Abstract.  Population and employment in the 50 United States are found to be non‐stationary and cointegrated. Vector error correction (VEC) models exhibit dynamics with adjustment to shocks essentially completed in 30–35 years . This contrasts with adjustment periods between one and two centuries for non‐stationary models specified in levels. These dynamic adjustment patterns support the hypothesis that relatively long adjustment periods and slow dynamics are probably the spurious results of using non‐stationary levels of population and employment outside of a VEC model framework. Recommendations for modeling the population–employment relationship are offered based on the findings reported.     

The use of an improved pRIA technique in the identification of protein residues

Blood and protein residue identification in archaeological research has been a controversial subject for the last 20 years. This paper reports on the use of an improved protein radioimmunoassay (pRIA) technique in identifying protein residues. Results from the blind testing of the original and improved pRIA techniques in identifying bloodstains on experimental lithic artifacts are described and compared. We argue that the improved pRIA technique is highly sensitive and accurate for identifying protein residues to genus, and thus has excellent applications for archaeological research.