坚定信心 强化责任 坚决完成规划纲要既定目标 全面谋划地方志事业科学发展——在2020年全国省级地方志机构主任工作会议暨全国地方志事业发展规划研讨会上的总结讲话

在大家的共同努力下,2020年全国省级地方志机构主任工作会议暨全国地方志事业发展规划研讨会已经圆满完成各项既定议程。下面,我从三个方面对会议作简要总结。一这次会议是第六届中国地方志指导小组(以下简称中指组)成立以来总结谋划工作的第一次会议,也是以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导.     

明代运河“水脊”的形成及其意义

明后期以降的史籍普遍认为南旺自元代起一直是会通河沿线的制高点“水脊”,元明会通河成败的关键就在于是否选择了南旺“水脊”作为分水口,这种观点不正确。南旺湖原本是梁山泊最后的余绪,地势低洼,明初宋礼引汶水到南旺济运后开始淤积,成化年间确定南旺分水核心地位后,挑出的泥沙堆积在运河和小汶河两岸形成土山地貌,构成明后期以降人们眼中的“水脊”意象。即南旺“水脊”形成于明代中叶,是汶水泥沙淤积和人工挑浚堆积的结果。据此,需重新审视元明会通河成败的原因,讨论明代中叶南旺“水脊”的形成对会通河水源从暴虐黄河水到安稳汶河水的转变的意义及其对明中叶以降治黄原则的深远影响。     

Microblade technology and the rise of serial specialists in north-central China

Though present before the Last Glacial Maximum, microblade technology is uncommon in the lithic assemblages of north-central China until the onset of the Younger Dryas (12,900–11,600 calBP). While it is clear that microblades here and elsewhere were connected with mobile adaptations organized around hunting, the attendant assumption that they served primarily in hunting weaponry is not. The archaeological record of north-central China, including excavations at Pigeon Mountain (QG3) and Shuidonggou Locality 12 (SDG 12) in Ningxia Autonomous Region, and Dadiwan in Gansu Providence, and a handful of bone/antler tools slotted for microblade inserts, indicate a more direct linkage to mobility. These data suggest the rise of microblade technology in Younger Dryas north-central China was mainly the result of microblades used as insets in composite knives needed for production of sophisticated cold weather clothing needed for a winter mobile hunting adaptation akin to the residentially mobile pattern Binford termed “serial specialist.” Limited time and opportunities compressed this production into a very narrow seasonal window, putting a premium on highly streamlined routines to which microblade technology was especially well-suited.     

Significance of Claraia from the Late Permian of South Guizhou,China

Recently collectée material of two Claraia taxa, Claraia zhiyunica Yang et al, 2001 and Claraia sp. nov. from the Late Permian of South China, are described. Late Permian Claraia species are compared with those from the Early Triassic, and the survival of Claraia across the mass extinction period across the Permian- Triassic boundary (PTB) is discussed.     

清末民初钦廉改隶之争探究

清末民初,广东之钦廉曾三次被提议改隶广西省。第一次是在光绪末年,与广西迁省南宁一并提出,因当时桂林籍官绅的强烈反对和清政府财政拮据而未实现。另外两次是在民国初年老桂系势力发展的背景下提出,因广东各属绅商、侨寓外地各社会团体的强烈反对以及桂粤矛盾等多种因素仍未实现。通过对此事件的分析,可以得出如下结论:在研究民国初期的行政区划变更时,不仅要考虑传统的因素,还要考虑基层民意、地方绅商的势力和近代报纸的舆论影响。     

Investigating the Periodicities of Step‐Pool Sequences in Alluvial Mountain Streams

Step‐pool mountain streams contain a rhythmic structure that can be characterized by the periodicity, commonly determined using spectral analysis. However, this analysis often requires data series recorded at equal intervals and exhibiting stationary patterns. Previous methods of transforming the original step‐pool sequence into this required format have not been rigorously tested and consequently may generate misleading periodicity results. To this end, we apply both spectral analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling, a parsimonious stochastic approach to 11 alluvial mountain step‐pool streams for identifying their periodicities. We interpolate the original sequences into those with four different equal‐space intervals, 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.3 m, and 0.4 m, and demonstrate that the differencing detrending method is statistically more effective to transform the sequences into stationary ones than the commonly used linear detrending method. Subsequently, we identify periodicities of these sequences using the two approaches and determine the degree of stability for these periodicities for each original step‐pool sequence using R ² values obtained by least squares linear regression between the log‐transformed identified periods and the associated equal‐space intervals. Eight out of 11 step‐pool sequences have relatively stable periodicities (R ² ≥ 0.79) when the spectral analysis approach is used, while those identified using the ARIMA modeling approach are much less stable. Further comparison of periodicities identified using both approaches suggests that periodicities of step‐pool sequences are inherently unstable and hence cannot be appropriately determined based on a single equal‐space interval. A general procedure for identifying the periodicity of a step‐pool sequence using spectral analysis with the differencing detrending method and multiple equal‐space intervals is proposed. The identified periodicities might serve as an independent morphologic index to infer hydraulic processes controlling the formation of the alluvial step‐pools because they are significantly related to spill resistance of the alluvial step‐pools. Investigando las periodicidades de formación de escalones (step‐pools) en corrientes aluviales de montaña Las corrientes en forma de escalones (step‐pools) contienen una estructura rítmica que puede ser caracterizada por su periodicidad, determinada comúnmente usando análisis espectral. Sin embargo, este análisis requiere muchas veces de series de información recogidas a intervalos iguales y que tengan patrones estacionarios establecidos. Métodos precisos para transformar la secuencia original de step‐pools en este formato no han sido rigurosamente probados y consecuentemente pueden generar resultados de periodicidad que pueden ser interpretados erróneamente. Para este fin, los autores utilizan tanto un análisis espectral como un modelo autorregresivo integrado de media móvil (autoregressive integrated moving average ‐ ARIMA) en una aproximación estocástica parsimoniosa (parsimonic stochastic approach) a 11 step‐pools de corrientes de montaña para identificar sus periodicidades. Los autores interpolaron las secuencias originales a dichas corrientes con 4 zonas de igual área con diferentes intervalos: 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.3 m., 0.4 m y comprobaron que el método de diferenciación que elimina la tendencia (differencing detrending method) es estadísticamente más efectivo para transformar las secuencias en estacionarias que el comúnmente utilizado método que elimina la tendencia linear. Subsecuentemente, se identificaron periodicidades de secuencias utilizando estas dos aproximaciones y se determinó el grado de estabilidad para estas dos periodicidades para cada secuencia original de los step‐pools usando valores R² obtenidos por una regresión linear mínimo‐cuadrado (Ordinary Least Squares–OLS) entre los periodos identificados vía transformación logarítmica y los intervalos asociados de igual área. 8 de las 11 secuencias de step‐pools analizados tuvieron periodicidades relativamente estables (R2 ≥ 0.79), mientras que aquellas utilizando la aproximación ARIMA resultaron mucho menos estables. Comparación adicionales de las periodicidades identificadas usando ambas aproximaciones sugiere que las periodicidades de las secuencias de step‐pools usando análisis espectral son inherentemente inestables y en consecuencia no pueden ser determinadas apropiadamente basadas en un solo intervalo en zonas de igual área. Se propone así un procedimiento general para establecer la periodicidad de la secuencia de step‐pools usando el análisis espectral junto con el differencing detrending method que elimina la tendencia y múltiples intervalos en zonas de igual área. Las periodicidades identificadas podrían servir como índice morfológico independiente para inferir procesos hidráulicos controlando la formación de step‐pools aluviales, dado que está significativamente relacionado a la resistencia al derrame de dichos step‐pools 阶梯‐深潭山涧包含的韵律结构具有周期性特征,一般通过谱分析的方法探测。然而,这种分析方法通常要求数据序列记录在每个间隔上具有平稳性。由于先前方法对序列的转化没有严格要求平稳性检验,因而可能导致序列结果的误解。为此,本文融合谱分析和移动平均自回归模型（ARIMA）,通过随机简化路径方法对11个冲积山流域阶梯‐深潭山涧序列周期进行判别。主要采用0.1m,0.2m,0.3m,0.4m四种不同等间距对原始序列进行插值,分析表明这个差分校正方法对于序列平稳性的变换比常用线性校正方法在统计上更为有效。因此,对每一原始序列在对数变换的时间和相关等空间间距之间通过最小二乘回归获得R²值,并采取两种方法判别序列周期以确定其稳定度。谱分析方法测试得11个中的8个序列具有相对稳定的周期(R² ≥ 0.79),而采用ARIMA模型进行判别则平稳周期序列数目少得多。通过融合两种方法对序列判别以进一步形成对照,分析表明序列周期存在内部不稳定性,因此不能基于单一的空间间隔来确定周期。从而,本文提出采用谱分析对序列差分校正方法结合多空间间隔的一般方法对序列周期性进行识别。该周期识别方法可作为一个独立形态指数对控制冲积阶梯‐深潭形成的水力过程作出推断,因为该指数与冲积阶梯‐深潭稳定性的表达具有显著相关性。     

首阳斋藏■器与西周宗法社会的贵族教育

本文对新近公布的首阳斋藏西周早期簋铭文作以考释,认为其反映了西周早期宗法社会贵族的教育问题,并得出了庶子虽不能直接继承祖考职事,但才艺考核优秀者亦可被任以官职的结论。簋铭文为研究周代贵族子弟尤其是庶子的教育和任官问题提供了新材料。     

谈敦煌艺术的精神力量

敦煌艺术体现了延续不断的继承精神、绘画风格的连续精神、佛教艺术的宗教精神、向往美好的追求精神和艺术形式的自由精神。艺术形式的自由精神主要体现在艺术造型的自由性、色彩运用的自由性和构图运用的自由性三个方面,反映了中国文化的特点和中国人精神的自由性特点。     

《广韵》屋韵字上古韵部考

《广韵》反映的是隋唐时代的语音面貌,其206韵与反映上古语音面貌的30韵部相比,既有联系又有区别。本文主要讨论了《广韵》屋韵字在上古的韵部归属,认为《广韵》屋韵的一等字在上古属屋、药两部;《广韵》屋韵的三等字在上古属觉、幽、职三部。     

论新疆旅游商品市场的开发

随着我国旅游业的发展和旅游市场的开发,新疆已经成为海内外游客向往的旅游胜地。但是新疆旅游商品市场的开发水平与内地差距很大,旅游商品的经济带动作用并没有得到充分发挥。本文就新疆旅游商品市场开发中出现的占有率低、效益低等问题进行分析,并提出关于发展新疆旅游商品市场的建议。