Challenges in Archaeological Tourism in China

Worldwide archaeological tourism, or tourism to sites with archaeological significance, has been rapidly growing and has attracted increased academic attention in recent years. China is an outstanding case in this field. In fact, its government has been actively promoting tourism and archaeological tourism for the last three decades. The understanding of the challenges that Chinese archaeological tourism is currently facing is the focus of this article. Four aspects will guide the discussion: the dilemma between site preservation and economic profitability, unregulated tourism development, the influence of UNESCO World Heritage designation, and authorities’ sensitivity towards ethnic issues in archaeological tourism.     

穆斯堡尔谱学在古陶瓷研究中的应用

穆斯堡尔谱学是研究古陶瓷的一种极其有用的手段,它能提供粘土和粘土烧制条件的信息.穆斯堡尔谱的参数是烧制条件的函数。根据 Fe~(3+)与 Fe~(2+)的强度可能判断原始烧制气氛。根据Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)和磁性峰的强度.Fe~(3+)或Fe~(2+)的四极分裂(QS)可判断原始烧成温度。穆斯堡尔谱可以测定粘土或陶瓷中的结构铁和氧化铁的丰度.可测定与陶瓷着色有关的氧化铁粒子的尺寸和分布.钙质粘土的磁比率(M)较低.Q.S 值较大;而非钙质粘土的磁比率较高,Q.S 较小。穆斯堡尔谱可探测由于风化或自然辐照产生的年代效应,这为鉴别古陶瓷的年代提供了某种可能性,穆斯堡尔技术和其他分析技术相互配合可获得可靠的考古学信息。     

Modeling and Control of the CSCEC Multi-Function Testing System

In order to promote the research and development on evaluating the seismic performance of structures, China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) planned to construct a large-scale loading testing facility, the Multi-Function Testing System (MFTS). This facility can perform full-scale, real-time, 6-degree-of-freedom static and dynamic testing of rubber bearings and many types of structural components including long columns, shear walls and cross shape joints. The basic performances of the MFTS are a clearance of 9.1 m × 6.6 m × 10 m for specimen installation, maximum x-directional displacement 1500 mm, maximum y-directional velocity 1570 mm/s and maximum z-directional compressive load 108 MN. The system configuration and performance specifications of the MFTS are presented in this paper. The inverse kinematics model and the nonlinear model of the hydraulic servosystem of the MFTS are built. A modified feedback forward kinematics algorithm is developed for real-time control of the MFTS. Internal force characteristics of the loading system are analyzed. The internal force control method based on real-time solution of basis of internal force space is proposed for the system with large motion ranges. The motion controller combining position control loop and internal force control loop is developed. To meet the requirement of simultaneously imposing vertical compressive load and horizontal displacement, a mixed load and displacement controller is designed, where a direct force control loop is used to improve the response speed of the force control and reduce spatial dynamic coupling effects. Finally, a dynamic bearing testing is performed. The test results demonstrate that the system using the proposed controller has good abilities on position tracking, force balance, and load following.     

学习胡锦涛关于加强党的作风建设理论的几点认识

胡锦涛同志多次论述加强党的作风建设,特别是在中纪委第七次全会上提出要在各级领导干部中大力倡导八个方面的良好作风,明确指出了领导干部作风建设的基本内容。学习和研究胡锦涛同志关于党的作风建设的理论,对于加强党的作风建设具有重大的现实意义。     

试论2O世纪3O年代青岛崂山旅游资源的开发

20世纪30年代,在全国性的城市规划浪潮中,青岛市政府制定了<青岛市暂行建筑计划>、<青岛市施行都市计划方案初稿>等一系列详细的市政计划,明确将青岛定位为"工商、居住、游览城市",并把崂山开发列入规划范围.在此规划基础上,进行的市政建设和崂山旅游资源开发等一系列的现代化建设,使青岛城市旅游功能突出地显现出来.随着以崂山为重点的旅游资源的开发,青岛这一时期的旅游活动快速发展起来,成为其建国前的鼎盛时期.     

洛阳出土战国特种工艺铜镜及相关问题研究

铜镜上的镶嵌、夹层、透雕、鎏金特种加工工艺出现在战国时期,而且集中出现在洛阳地区,虽然数量有限,但代表了中国古代铜镜特种工艺技术的最高水平。这些铜镜很可能是当时都城内专为宫廷制作的特有用具。其中战国时期的镶嵌玻璃铜镜是中西文化融合的见证。     

美国史学界关于内战记忆研究述评

书写内战史有助于美国人内战记忆的形成,记忆的调整又推动着内战叙事的演变。通过南部老兵与妇女的努力,“失去的事业”从一种地方记忆上升为民族记忆。从20世纪开始,这种南部记忆主导了美国史学界对内战史的书写。直到越战后期,学界才从社会文化与政治需要的角度剖析“失去的事业”记忆的兴起及其影响,其研究对象主要为群体记忆、英雄记忆,以战场旧址、军事公墓及其纪念碑为中心的有形记忆场。因服务于国家重聚与民族和解之需,存在多种面相的“联邦事业”记忆被美国人长时期遗忘。直到20世纪80年代末,为突出黑人对美国历史的贡献,学界开始重新评析这一强调联邦统一与解放黑人的内战记忆。总之,美国学界对内战记忆的探究总体遵循“失去的事业”与“联邦事业”这两种叙事路径,但其研究并未完全摆脱意识形态的干扰。从21世纪开始,内战记忆史的研究逐步走向了多元社会化的发展方向。     

An examination of the impact of neighbourhood walking environments on the likelihood of residents of dense urban areas becoming overweight or obese

With the development of urbanization in China, obesity is becoming a serious problem, and the relationship between walking environments and obesity has attracted considerable interest. Using data from questionnaires (n = 418) gathered in 2017 from eight neighbourhoods in Guangzhou, China, a typical high-density city, this study developed an Ordered Logit Model (OLM) to explore the effects of walking environments on the likelihood of residents becoming overweight or obese. The results demonstrate that body mass index (BMI) of individuals living in central urban areas is higher than those of suburban residents. After controlling for the effects of socio-economic factors, it was found that the impact of walking environments at the scale of 1-km buffer on individual BMI is the most significant. Variables of walkability, road network density, bus stop density, metro stop density, green coverage rate, and distance to the park have negative effects on BMI. Based on these findings, it is suggested that planning interventions should focus more on the areas through which residents walk in their daily travel routines. The selection of neighbourhoods surveyed and the sample size limit this study, but the conclusions do provide a scientific basis for the construction of neighbourhoods that encourage walking and decrease the probability of becoming overweight or obese.     

The Application of SfM Photogrammetry Software for Extracting Artifact Provenience from Palaeolithic Excavation Surfaces

While photogrammetry has become popular in archaeology and heritage management as an effective, low-cost method for generating detailed three-dimensional models, it remains to be established that the accuracy of model-derived measurements is sufficient for analytical purposes. Based on an expedient, in-field model processing protocol, we report preliminary results concerning the accuracy of artifact provenience information derived from photogrammetry models of excavation surfaces at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Shuidonggou Locality 2 in China. Error in model-derived provenience can range easily into the centimeter scale; accuracy in some spatial axes are significantly, but weakly, affected by the size of the sampled surface. While the observed error range is larger than thresholds proposed for Palaeolithic excavations, it is arguably acceptable in settings where the analytical demand for provenience precision is lower. We identify possible sources of error and discuss how model accuracy can be improved by additional systematic testing.     

汉代上计制度论考──兼评尹湾汉墓木牍《集簿》

尹湾汉墓简牍的内容是多方面的,其中一批是西汉时期郡县级行政档案,记载有西汉后期东海郡的社会、经济概况,对于研究汉代的上计制度具有重要价值。本文依据这批珍贵的史料对汉代上计制度进行了深入的研究和探讨。