唐墓壁画札记两则

文章试图以唐基壁画为中心,讨论当年的两个工艺美术问题。其一是锦的用途,认为汉族人士多用锦做装饰,较少制成服装;衣锦者大抵为胡人．唐代的锦衣、锦袍主要为他们裁造其二关于鹤嘴瓶,认为流口形若鹤喙的带执长瓶即唐人所谓鹤嘴瓶,它或为胡瓶的一种;此外,还对鹤嘴瓶的材质、渊源与折射的时尚及观念略作说明     

北京出土的辽代输入瓷器——以墓葬、塔基中发现的器物为中心

辽瓷是辽代考古的重要组成部分,大多数出土于墓葬、塔基、窑址等遗迹之中,形制多样,装饰丰富,在我国瓷器发展史中占有重要地位。     

中国境内古代沉船的考古发现

我国古代舟船起源甚早,《易经·系辞下》已载有:"刳木为舟,剡木为楫,舟楫之利,以济不通,致远以利天下。"从早期的独木舟,到汉唐时代木板船,再到宋元、明清时期的各式帆船,其发展绵延悠久,脉络明晰。新中国成立以来,通过考古工作在全国各地均发现了不同时期的沉船实物,逐渐揭开了我国古代舟船发展的历史面貌。谈及沉船,我们总是容易想到水下考古,想到沉没于茫茫大海的古船,比如颇受各界关注的广东南海Ⅰ号宋代沉船即为此类。殊不知,我国古代内河航运也十分发达,而古代沉船遗迹的发现与探索更是缘起于陆地考古,包括因河道或海港历史变迁而形成的淤陆沉船。由于这两类沉船遗迹所处埋藏     

Elastic Displacement Spectrum-Based Design Approach for Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames

The design focus for a buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) is that the buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) dissipate most of the seismic energy while the main frame retains a degree of elastic stiffness under a major earthquake. An elastic displacement spectrum based design method is presented in this article, which can directly determine the sectional area of the BRBs. The yield displacement in the roof of the main frame is taken as the target displacement under a major earthquake. An elastic displacement design spectrum is used to solve the target period of the BRBF. To validate this method, a six-story buckling-restrained braced steel frame is designed using the proposed method, and a series of nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs) are performed to verify the design result. The example shows that the required BRB area can be simply and accurately determined by the proposed method. The error between the given target displacement and the RHA results is 4.0% and 21.3% for BRBFs designed with BRB yield strength of 235 Mpa and 100 Mpa, respectively.     

历史博物馆展览的景观化建构:构成、思维与途径

历史博物馆展览作为被观看的客体,以历史遗存为基础、以叙事为核心、以沉浸式体验为吸引观众达成展览目标的途径。历史博物馆展览中的景观意味着由文物展品与多种媒介物构成的具有一定叙事与意义表达的空间图示,并具有“器-象-道”三个层面。景观化可以广义地理解为将零散的元素组织成为具有意义指向的整体。“象”作为蕴含着“器”与“道”的感知整体,是营造体验、让观众形成第一印象的关键所在,因而景观化建构应以“象”为先,根据各自的基础条件运用不同的建构途径--利用天然的历史景观、重构历史场景、景观化的文物组合,从而有助于历史博物馆打造更具吸引力与更具传播效能的展览。     

Spatial and environmental impacts on adverse birth outcomes in Ontario

This study assesses the overall spatial variations and neighbourhood‐level “hot spots” of low birth weight and preterm birth incidence within three public health units in Ontario, Canada. The analysis uses a stepwise approach of intra‐class correlation analysis, a spatial scan statistic, and multilevel spatial modeling. Results show that neighbourhood level variation accounts for only 2–3 percent of the total variation of adverse birth outcomes in the study area. However, strong spatial autocorrelation is observed at the neighbourhood level, and spatial clusters of relatively high adverse birth outcome rates exist in areas that are associated with environmental risks, including pollution sources and proximity to highways. Thus, although estimated neighbourhood impacts on adverse birth outcomes are small compared with those of individual‐level risks, local high potential environmental risk areas are identifiable. Environmental surveillance and spatial statistical analysis should be conducted regularly by local health authorities to identify and monitor the impact of environmental changes on health in general and on birth outcomes in particular. Specific community‐oriented health interventions may be required to reduce observed local health impacts.     

Confirmation of a Middle Jurassic age for the Eedemt Formation in Dundgobi Province,southeast Mongolia: constraints from the discovery of new spinicaudatans (clam shrimps)

Two spinicaudatan species, Triglypta eedemtensis Li sp. nov. and Dundgobiestheria mandalgobiensis Li gen. et sp. nov., are described on the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of newly collected specimens from paper-thin laminated black shale of the Eedemt Formation exposed at the Eedemt locality in the Khootiin Khotgor coal mine region of Dundgobi Province in southeast Mongolia. Triglypta eedemtensis is ornamented mainly with puncta and a punctate fine reticulum; radial lirae occur only on two or three growth bands near the venter. The small spinicaudatan Triglypta is a common component of the Middle Jurassic Euestheria ziliujingensis fauna and Sinokontikia fauna, and is a typical taxon in the Middle Jurassic lacustrine sequences of northern Hebei and the Junggar and Turpan basins of the Xinjiang Autonomous District of China; however, it does not occur in stratigraphically higher units elsewhere. Therefore, the age of the Eedemt Formation should be considered Middle Jurassic rather than Early Cretaceous. The Eedemt Formation is much older than the Early Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation in the Shine Khudag area of southeast Mongolia.     

江苏大云山江都王陵10号墓墓主人初步研究

大云山江都王陵10号墓是江都王陵内最为重要的一座陪葬墓。通过文献资料的梳理与相关汉墓材料的对比研究可知,10号墓墓主人为文献记载中的淖姬。这一信息的确认将为西汉诸侯王陪葬墓的研究提供身份明确的墓葬资料,学术意义重大。     

黑河流域居民生活质量研究

以《Calvert-Henderson生活质量指标》一书为理论指导构建了生活质量评价指标体系,通过开展生活质量问卷调查及查找相关统计资料,运用主成分分析法确定指标的权重,研究了我国西北地区第二大内陆河流域-黑河流域城乡居民2004年的生活质量。具体的评价结果是:黑河流域城镇居民生活质量明显高于农村;黑河流域城市居民生活质量表现出中游高于上游和下游;黑河流域农村居民生活质量以乡镇为单位计算差异显著;黑河流域农村居民生活质量中游略好于上游、下游;影响黑河流域城乡居民生活质量的主要因素是收入、教育和住房。     

基于低碳视角的旅游城市转型研究

转型发展已经成为21世纪人类发展史上的一场新长征。随着中国经济转变发展方式的强力推进,中国优秀旅游城市面临着发展方式转型的严峻挑战和重大契机。创建低碳旅游城市是城市宜居生态发展的高级阶段,是实现中国旅游城市转型的战略模式选择。创新城市低碳旅游公共服务导则、营造城市低碳旅游吸引物体系、发展城市低碳旅游设施、培育城市畅爽旅游体验环境、倡导城市低碳旅游消费方式是近期实现旅游城市转型发展需要关注的五个基本层面。为此,要规范发展、互动发展、示范发展,加快形成中国特色的低碳旅游城市发展新格局。