Book Reviews

BRIAN BOND. British Military Policy between the Two World Wars. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. Pp. XVI, 419. £16.00. Reviewed by Paul Kennedy

Washington Despatches, 1941–1945: Weekly Political Reports from the British Embassy, edited by H.G. Nicholas, with an introduction by Isaiah Berlin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; London: George Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1981. Pp. XVIII, 700. $40.00 (US), £20.00. Reviewed by David Reynolds

MARK C. WHEELER. Britain and the War for Yugoslavia, 1940–1943. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. Pp. 342 (East European Monographs, No. LXIV). SI8.50 (US). Reviewed by John O. Iatrides

PATRICIA JALLAND. The Liberals and Ireland. The Ulster Question in British Politics to 1914. Hassocks, Sussex, 1980. Pp. 250. £20.00. Reviewed by John Kendle

BRIAN JENKINS. Britain and the War for the Union. Volume II. Montreal: McGill- Queen's University Press, 1980. Pp. IX, 480. $26.50 (US). Reviewed by Frank Lawrence Owsley, Jr.

GEOFFREY ELLIS. Napoleon's Continental Blockade: The Case of Alsace. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981. Pp. 355. $65.75. (CAN.) Reviewed by Richard Glover

R.D. THORPE. The Uncrowned Prime Ministers. London: Darkhorse Publishing, 1980. Pp. XV, 263. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by J.O. Stubbs

DAVID DILKS, ed. Retreat from Power: Studies in Britain's Foreign Policy of the Twentieth Century. Vol. I. 1906–1939. London: Macmillan, 1981. Pp. 213. £10. Reviewed by Trevor Burridge

DAVID DILKS, ed. Retreat from Power: Studies in Britain's Foreign Policy of the Twentieth Century. Vol. II. After 1939. London: Macmillan, 1981. Pp. 198. £10. Reviewed by Ray Jones

CLAIRE HIRSCHFIELD. The Diplomacy of Partition: Britain, trance and the Creation of Nigeria, 1890–1898. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1979. Pp. 234, Fl. 90. Reviewed by A.S. Kanya-Forstner

PHILIP M. TAYLOR. The Projection of Britain: British Overseas Publicity and Propaganda 1919–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Pp.xv, 363. £25.00. Reviewed by Keith Robbins

NAVY RECORDS SOCIETY. The Keyes Papers, Vol. III, 1939–1945, ed. Paul Halpern. London: Allen and Unwin, 1981. Pp. 398. $;37.50 (Can.). Reviewed by Donald M. Schurman

JOHN TURNER. Lloyd George's Secretariat. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980. Pp.vm, 254 £15. Reviewed by Patricia Jalland

JAMES NEIDPATH. The Singapore Naval Base and the Defence of Britain's Eastern Empire, 1919–1941. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981. Pp.XVII, 296. £22.50. Reviewed by C.C. Ong

ELEANOR M. GATES. End of the Affair: The Collapse of the Anglo-French Alliance, 1939–40. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981. Pp. XVIII, 630. $28.50 (US). Reviewed by P.M.H. Bell

F.H. HINSLEY ET AL. British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations. Vol. I, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Pp. 616. $29.95 (US); Vol. H, ibid., 1981. Pp. 690. $39.50 (US). Reviewed by D.C. Watt

E. MARY SMALLWOOD. The Jews under Roman Rule: A Study in Political Relations. From Pompey to Diocletian. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1981. Pp. XIV, 595. 96 guilders. Reviewed by Jacob Neusner     

Making the Brain Plastic: Early Neuroanatomical Staining Techniques and the Pursuit of Structural Plasticity, 1910–1970

The concept of neuronal plasticity is widely used, but seldom defined in the neurosciences. It can signify many different occurrences, such as structural alterations of axons and dendrites (Cotman & Nadler, 1978), behavioural adaptations (Rosenzweig & Bennett, 1996), or physiological changes in synapse formation (Martin et al., 2000) at different stages of health and disease. Although there is such a wealth of research from many disciplines, the neuroanatomical aspects of plasticity are the focus of this paper. It seeks to illuminate the evolution of different concepts of plasticity concerning the structure and circuitry of the central nervous system (CNS). Early modern morphological research on de- and regeneration phenomena in the 19th- and early 20th-century is well documented. These studies, however, almost exclusively concentrated on the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It was one of the major contributions of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), that he applied the concept of regenerative capacities to the CNS. But the term plasticity seemed to have disappeared for about two decades after his death. The ensuing comeback of the expression may be attributed, at least in part, to new neuroanatomical staining and tracing methods. The pursuit of these techniques will serve as a guidepost through varying approaches in different times: It was the 1950s which seemed to spawn the time for new departures in structural investigations of neuronal plasticity.     

The royal society: National committee for geography

The Geomorphology of the British Isles series: Ireland. By G. L. H. Davies and N. Stephens. 21 × 14, 250 pp. Methuen, 1978. £7.95.

Causes of Climate by J. G. Lockwood. 24 × 16, 10 + 260 pp. 22 photos, 102 diagrams, 34 tables, index (to text only), glossary. Edward Arnold, 1979. £5.95.

Humanistic Geography: Prospects and Problems. Edited by David Ley and Marwyn Samuels, i‐viii. 23 × 16, 337 pp. Croom Helm, London, 1978. £11.95.

South America. By Arthur Morris. 25 × 19, 271 pp., 59 maps and diagrams, 43 plates, appendices, bibliography, index. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1979. Paper, £5.45.

The Fur Trade of the American West, 1807–1840. By D. J. Wishart. 22.5 x 14.5, 237 pp. Illustrations, references, bibliography, index. Croom Helm, London, 1979. £12.95.

Outlook Geography: Worldscapes. A. Ayres et al. 25 × 19, 136 pp. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1978. £2.45.

The Changing Geography of Britain. By W. E. Marsden. 25 × 19, 196 pp. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1978. £2.50.     

Inferences for Selected Location Quotients with Applications to Health Outcomes. 选择性区位商推断及其在医疗成效中的应用

The location quotient (LQ) is an index frequently used in geography and economics to measure the relative concentration of activities. This quotient is calculated in a variety of ways depending on which group is used as a reference. Here, we focus on a simultaneous inference for the ratios of the individual proportions to the overall proportion based on binomial data. This is a multiple comparison problem and inferences for LQs with adjustments for multiplicity have not been addressed before. The comparisons are negatively correlated. The quotients can be simultaneously tested against unity, and simultaneous confidence intervals can be constructed for the LQs based on existing probability inequalities and by directly using the asymptotic joint distribution of the associated test statistics. The proposed inferences are appropriate for analysis based on sample surveys. Two real data sets are used to demonstrate the application of multiplicity‐adjusted LQs. A simulation study is also carried out to assess the performance of the proposed methods to achieve a nominal coverage probability. For the LQs considered, the coverage of the simple Bonferroni‐adjusted Fieller intervals for LQs is observed to be almost as good as the coverage of the method that directly takes the correlations into account.