Ria de Aveiro A: a shipwreck from Portugal dating to the mid-15th century; a preliminary report

The remains of a coasting vessel were found in a lagoon close to the coast. Four radiocarbon determinations provided a date in the mid-15th century and it has been the subject of several seasons of excavation of CNANS. The excavation strategy is described, as are its surviving constructional details which are analysed with reference to early sources for Portuguese naval architecture. This coaster has constructional features found in ocean-going ships of the Iberian-Atlantic tradition. Its cargo of pottery is one of the most extensive and closely dated from the Age of Discovery and includes 18 forms.     

A Note on Trip Benefits in Spatial Interaction Models

We extend the well-known transport users' benefits measure (TUB) for the doubly-constrained spatial interaction model derived by Williams (1976). The original formula expresses the TUB as composed by two terms associated with the origin and the destination zones. First, the TUB is associated here with trips instead of zones, providing a natural interpretation as a rule-of-a-half measure of benefit under inelastic demand (for the short-run case). Second, a TUB formula for the long-run case is derived, that is, when the total number of trips, trip origins, and trip destinations change. We then propose updated measures of accessibility for location behavior.     

Of mice and sparrows: Commensal faunas from the Iberian iron age in the duero valley (central spain)

This paper aims to emphasize the importance of imported commensal faunas in archaeological contexts by reporting on the earliest known house sparrows and house mice from the Iberian peninsula. The finds, which date to the Iron Age of a hinterland area of the peninsula, have been identified on the basis of osteomorphological and osteometrical criteria, which are specified in the text in order to demonstrate the reliability of the identification. The temporal and geographical coincidence of these remains in the two sites analysed with those of donkey and, secondarily, chicken remains and faunal remains of littoral origin, lends support to the hypothesis that these animals arrived with the earliest trans-Mediterranean colonizers to the southern shores of the Iberian peninsula and spread involuntarily thereafter as ‘side-products’ of the Phoenician commercial routes throughout the Iberian hinterland.     

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Book Review Essay URBAN POLICY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF CITIES: GENTRIFICATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD REVITALIZATION J. John Palen and Bruce London, eds., Gentrification, displacement and Neighborhood Revitalization Michael H. Schill and Richard P. Nathan, Revitalizing America's Cities Paul E. Peterson, ed., The New Urban Reality Addo, Herb, et al. Development as Social Transformation: Reflections on the Global Problematique Arian, Asher. Politics in Israel: The Second Generation Bean, Philip, John Ferris and David Whynes, (eds.). In Defense of Welfare Bedichek, Wendell M., and Neal Tannahill. Public Policy in Texas Bowman, William, Roger Little and G. Thomas sicilia. The All-Volunteer Force After a Decade: Retrospedt and Prospect Congressional quarterly Editorial Staff, Energy and Environment: Unfinished Business Dahrendorf, Ralf. Law and Order Dillon, K. Burke, et al., and Khan, Mohsin S., et al. Recent Developments in External Debt Restructuring Editors of congressional Quarterly. U.S. Foreign Policy: The Reagan imprint Edwards, George C., 111, Steven A. Shull and Norman C. Thomas, (eds.). The Presidency and Public Policy Making Foell, Earl, and Richard Henneman, (eds.). How Peace Came to the Word Grant, Wyn (ed.). The Political economy of Corporatism Grindle, Merilee S. State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America Hardin, Russell, John J. Mearsheimer, Gerald Dworkin and Robert E. Goodin, (eds.). Nuclear Deterrence: ethics and Strategy Hershey, Marjorie Randon. Running for Office: The Political Education of Campaigners Hough, Jerry F. The Struggle for the third World: Soviet Debates and American Options Kamieniecki, sheldon, Robert O'Brien and Michael Clark (eds.). Controversies in environmental Policy Kaufman, Herbert. Time, Chance and Organizations: Natural Selection in a Perilous Environment Kenny, Anthouny. The Logic of Deterrence: A Philosopher Looks at the Arguments For and Against Nuclear Disarmament Lal, Deepak. The Poverty of ‘Development Economics’ Mehran, Hassanali (ed.). External Debt Management Rees, Gareth and John Lambert. Cities in Crisis: The Political Economy of Urban Development in Post-War Britain Ripley, Randal B., and Grace A. Franklin. Policy Implementation and Bureaucracy Savoie, Donald J. Regional Economic Development: Canada's Search for Solutions Sawhill, John C., and Richard Cotton (eds.). Energy Conservation-Successes and Failures Schmandt, Jurgen, and Hilliard Roderick (eds.). Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute Between Canada and the United States Sundquist, James L. Constitutional Reform and Effective Government Vincent, C. Paul. The Politics of Hunger: The Allied Blockade of Germany 1915-1919 Witt, Elder. A Different Justice: Reagan and the Supreme Court Wright, Kevin. The Great American Crime Myth     

COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND INTERNATIONALIZATION IN REGIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS*

ABSTRACT Trade, foreign direct investment, and inter‐regional R&D spillovers facilitate competition, the spread of knowledge, and the adoption of more advanced technologies, which in turn hastens total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The spread of these efficiency gains from internationalization requires a sufficient local knowledge to enable them to be adapted to the domestic productive environment. Thus, higher local knowledge and internationalization will lead to TFP growth, and the greater the complementarity between variables the higher the TFP growth. We test the complementarity hypothesis using Spanish regional data over the period 1980–1995 in which both regional local knowledge and internationalization experienced a notable increase.     

Poverty Reduction and SAM Multipliers: An Evaluation of Public Policies in a Regional Framework

The objective of this paper is to obtain several poverty reduction effects by using multipliers based on social accounting matrices. Expressions relating them to Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measures were derived, and two simulations were carried out for the Spanish region of Extremadura. In the first, we posited a per capita transfer equivalent to certain social policy instruments already existing in this region. Structural path analysis is also used to determine the paths by which poverty reduction effects are transmitted. In the second, we calculate the minimum government expenditure in transfers needed to reduce the regional poverty indices to the national values. The results confirmed that the main feature of poverty in Extremadura is incidence.     

Vote evolution in Spain, 1977–2007: A spatial analysis at the municipal scale

This paper presents a spatial analysis of the results in the general elections of contemporary Spain (1977–2007). By using electoral data at municipal level, we have traced back the evolution of the vote at high spatial resolution, thus providing a more accurate overview of the evolution of modern Spanish politics and offering empirical evidence on the nationalization thesis. We demonstrate that this approach reveals several processes that remain hidden when aggregated data are used, especially the clustering patterns in the smooth transition from dictatorship to full democracy (the so-called Spanish Transition). We found a statistical normalization process of the left/right dynamics with a growing number of balanced municipalities with a similar number of votes for left and right parties. The tendency towards a Gaussian histogram centered on a value of 50% for the left vote is an indication of political normalization after 40 years of dictatorship.