聚对二甲苯在文物、图书加固保护中的应用

介绍了新型聚合物保护剂──聚对二甲苯的特性和对文物、图书的加固保护,测定了保护后的加固强度、吸水性、防霉性、防腐性,并进行了加速老化试验。     

Ability of students to recognize the relationship between using mobile apps for learning during fieldwork and the development of graduate attributes

The increasing importance of employability in Higher Education curricula and the prevalence of using mobile devices for field-based learning prompted an investigation into student awareness of the relationship between the use of mobile apps for learning and the development of graduate attributes (GAs) (and the link to employability). The results from post-fieldwork focus groups from four field courses indicated that students could make clear links between the use of a variety of mobile apps and graduate attribute development. The study suggests a number of mobile apps can align simultaneously with more than one graduate attribute. Furthermore, prior experience and the context of use can influence students’ perceptions of an app and its link with different GAs.     

Micro-CT investigation of ostrich eggshell beads collected from Locality 12, the Shuidonggou site,China

Ostrich eggshell (OES) beads are an important kind of human ornaments, because their production reflects the development of modern human behavior, thinking ability, and cognitive level. Although the manufacture procedure of OES beads has been reconstructed in some Later Stone Age sites and early Neolithic sites, little information is known about detailed drilling technologies. In this study, synchrotron radiation micro-CT (SR-μCT) was firstly used to scan OES beads to understand microstructure, drilling marks, and perforation shape in a non-destructive mode. In contrast to other method to research drilling technologies, SR-μCT has a unique advantage that it could eliminate the influence of the adhering soils in a perforation in case that they are not easily removed. The results indicate that (1) SR-μCT could differentiate the eggshell species between Struthio camelus and Struthio anderssoni in terms of pore distribution. Compared to other destructive methods, including the anatomical method, DNA and protein analysis, the species identification through SR-μCT is non-destructive and faster; (2) the outer and inner surface of OES could be non-destructively judged according to OES microstructure, which would help infer the drilling direction; and (3) the perforation shape and drilling marks are distinct between the discontinuous twisting drilling and the multi-rotary drilling methods on the basis of replication experiments. According to these criteria, SR-μCT was applied to examine OES beads found in Locality 12 of the Shuidonggou (SDG) site in China, which were probably discarded in 1.1 k yr BP. The results show that most of ancient beads were firstly drilled from inside. According to the perforation shape and drilling marks, both the twisting drilling and the multi-rotary drilling method with different kinds of drill bits were used in working beads. Therefore, the people in SDG site mastered a few drilling technologies in the early Holocene, and the use of the multi-rotary drilling method reflects the technical development of ancient people. Up to our knowledge, it is the earliest known evidence of the application of the multi-rotary drilling method in China. Furthermore, this study will provide a new approach and important reference to understand drilling technologies of much older OES beads in the Later Stone Age or Upper Paleolithic Age.     

Land-use change for rice and foxtail millet cultivation in the Chengtoushan site,central China,reconstructed from weed seed assemblages

Archaeobotanical analysis of moat sediments from the Neolithic site of Chengtoushan, Hunan, China, provides evidence of the land-use change for rice and foxtail millet cultivation around the site. Rice constantly appeared through the three phases of Daxi culture with high percentages, while accompanying wetland species of paddy field weeds gradually decreased. In contrast, foxtail millet increased together with upland field and ruderal weeds through the time. These changes suggest that foxtail millet cultivation was established with the expansion of dry farming in region of the site, while rice cultivation was continuously practiced on the alluvial plain surrounding the site. This diversification of land-use through the addition of foxtail millet cultivation may be attributed to population increase or as a buffer to natural disasters such as flooding. In addition, gathering of wild nuts and fruits continued alongside cultivation. These multiple strategies for food procurement provided sustainable food supply for the population of Chengtoushan for 1,800 years.     

骑兵建设推动养马业的发展--战马马源之分析

战马是有条件的:它应当是乘用型的、适龄的骟马.战马质量关系到骑兵安全乃至战争胜负,战马数量和质量制约军政势力的消涨.在军事活动中战马的损耗量特大,要想保持强大的骑兵力量,必须随时补充战马.为此,人们努力拓宽战马马源,但从根本上解决马源问题,还在于发展养马业.骑兵建设从多方面推动养马业发展,这是骑兵史研究中一个重要问题.     

印度民族政策初探

印度民族政策的核心是“一个国家,一个民族”。本文认为,这是对欧洲“民族一国家”理论的歧解和误读,其防止国家分裂和增强国家凝聚力的用心可以理解,但结果却并不利于国民团结的增强和各种矛盾的缓和。这一政策的实质是民族压迫和民族同化。