Contouring the Cataclysm: A Geographical Analysis of the Effects of the Minoan Eruption of the Santorini Volcano

This study is a step forward in understanding the palaeoenvironmental effects of the Minoan eruption of Santorini (1627–1600 BCE). We employ geostatistics to produce a prediction map for the thickness of the tephra fallout over the Eastern Mediterranean, and we reconstruct the effects by comparisons with recent eruption analogues. Based on the geostatistical map, the amount of environmental disruption over so far undocumented areas is estimated by comparison with archaeological sites where emplaced Minoan tephra has been recorded before. Nevertheless, independent field evidence suggest that the environment responded differently in places, occasionally posing challenges to the presented interpolation. A second line of evidence coming from contemporaneous fluvial archives provides clues for a widespread ‘Minoan flood’ over a large part of the Eastern Mediterranean, associated with the eruption itself. This simultaneous hydrological event may have had a counterbalancing effect on the impacts of the Minoan tephra cover, and could explain the sporadic discrepancies between the predicted effects and the palaeoenvironmental evidence. Traces of the effects of this extraordinary volcanic event are also sought in the regional Late Bronze Age literature.     

“Mourir au monde”. Les ordines de séparation des lépreux en France aux XVe et XVIe siècles

Since the recent publication of a catalogue of the printed rituals in French dioceses, we can list seven ordines of seclusion of lepers existing in France around 1490–1550. In fact, for two of them, the most common, two distinct versions having the same incipit are found. Most of these ceremonies are parodies, some closer than others, of funerals and tell the sick: Sis mortuus mundo. As far as France is concerned, these rites were only followed in one diocese out of ten, but they represent a common liturgical habit in the northeast part of the country. They may have originated in 1400–1450 from the same inclination towards a grim mood as the Dances of Death. They probably exorcised other fears than that of the leper — then dying out-, and were only to disappear slowly and gradually at the time of the Counter-Reformation, after about 1560.     

The Struggle for Mastery in Cilicia: Turkey,France, and the Ankara Agreement of 1921

Micahel Williams. Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2003. Pp. xxvi, 689. $70.00 (US). Reviewed by Paul W. Hirt

Richard P. Hallion. Taking Flight: Inventing the Aerial Age from Antiquity through the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xxi, 531. $49.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Robin Higham

A. B. Bosworth. The Legacy of Alexander: Politics, Warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 307. $127.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Waldemar Heckel

Frances Wood. The Silk Road: Two Thousand Tears in the Heart of Asia. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. 270. $29.95 (US) Reviewed by Albert E. Dien

Lisa M. Bitel. Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400–1100. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 326. $60.00 (US), cloth; $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by John J. Contreni

Victor Lieberman. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830: I: Integration on the Mainland. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xxiii, 484. $24.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Nicholas Tabling

Alan Knight. Mexico: From the Beginning to the Spanish Conquest. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xix, 254. $60.00 (US); Alan Knight. Mexico: The Colonial Era. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xix, 353. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Eric van Young

Debra Higgs Strickland. Saracens, Demons, and Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. 336. $60.00 (US). Reviewed by David Williams

Perez Zagorin. HOW the Idea of Religious Toleration Came to the West. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003. Pp. xvi, 371. $29.95 (US) Reviewed by John Christian Laursen

Amnon Linder. Raising Arms: Liturgy in the Struggle to Liberate Jerusalem in the Late Middle Ages. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2003. Pp. xx, 423. €90.00. Reviewed by Christoph T. Maier

Brenda Bolton and Anne J. Duggan, eds. Adrian IV The English Pope (1154–1159): Studies and Texts. Aldershot and Burlington: Ashgate, 2003. Pp. xv, 343. $84.95 (US). Reviewed by James M. Powell

Róbert Simon. Ibn Khaldün: History as Science and the Patrimonial Empire, trans. Klára Pogátsa. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2002; dist. Pordand: ISBS. Pp. 217. $57.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael Brett

John F. Richards. The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 682. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Michael Williams

Jos Gommans. Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and High Roads to Empire, 1500–1700. London and New York: Roudedge, 2002. Pp. xv, 268. $27.95 (US); paper. Reviewed by Stephen F. Dale

David A. Lupher. Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. Pp. vi, 440. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by Arthur M. Eckstein

Matthew Restall. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xix, 218. $48.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Ida Altman

Horst Pietschmann, ed. Atlantic History: History of the Atlantic System, 1580–1830. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck is Ruprecht, 2002. Pp. 556. €86.00. Reviewed by Ian K. Steele

H. V. Bowen, Margarette Lincoln, and Nigel Rigby, eds. The Worlds of the East India Company. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2002. Pp. xiii, 246. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Jon E. Wilson

David Ormrod. The Rise of Commercial Empires: England and the Netherlands in the Age of Mercantilism, 1650–1770. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xvii, 400. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by H. T. Dickinson

David S. Landes. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 576. $27.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Rick Szostak

Patrice Higonnet. Paris: Capital of the World, trans. Arthur Goldhammer. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. 493. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Donald Reid

Michael Rowe, ed. Collaboration and Resistance in Napoleonic Europe: State-Formation in an Age of Upheaval, c.1800–1815. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Pp. xii, 254. $72.00 (US). Reviewed by Philip G. Dwyer

Purnima Bose. Organizing Empire: Individualism, Collective Agency, and India. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 278. $22.95 (US) paper. Reviewed by Thomas R. Metcalf

Dierk Walter. Preufiische Heeresreformen, 1807–1870: Militärische Innovation und der Mythos der ‘Roonschen Reform’. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003. Pp. 654. €88.00. Reviewed by Gunther E. Rothenberg

Brian E. Vick. Defining Germany: The 1848 Frankfurt Parliamentarians and National Identity. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 283. $49.96 (US). Reviewed by Helmut Walser Smith

James A. Jones. Industrial Labor in the Colonial World: Workers of the Chemin de Fer Dakar-Niger, 1881–1963. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2002. Pp. xxiii, 154. $59.95 (US). Reviewed by Martin Klein

Irmin Schneider. Die deutsche Ruplandpolitik, 1890–1900. Paderborn: Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003. Pp. 344. €38.00, paper. Reviewed by David Wetzel

S. C. M. Paine. The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power, and Primacy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 412. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by David Curtis Wright

Greg Cuthbertson, Albert Grundungh, and Mary-Lynn Suttie, eds. Writing a Wider War: Rethinking Gender, Race, and Identity in the South African War, 1899–1902. Athens: Ohio University Press; Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, 2002. Pp. xix, 345. $24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Martin Legassick

Robert B. Bruce. A Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003. Pp. xx, 380. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Mitchell Yockelson

Eric Lohr. Nationalizing the Russian Empire: The Campaign against Enemy Aliens during World War I. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 237. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Norman E. Saul

Tammy M. Proctor. Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War. New York and London: New York University Press, 2003. Pp. xvi, 204. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Hew Strachan

Alfred W. Crosby. America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918,2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 337. $60.00 (US), cloth; $22.00 (US), paper; Howard Phillips and David Killingray, eds. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19: New Perspectives. London and New York: Routledge, 2003. Pp. xxi, 357. $100.00 (US). Reviewed by Linda Bryder

Kais M. Firro. Inventing Lebanon: Nationalism and the State under the Mandate. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2003; dist. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 274. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by James A. Reilly

Kathleen Hayes, ed. and trans. The Journalism of Milena Jesenska: A Critical Voice in Interwar Central Europe. New York and Oxford: Berghahn, 2003. Pp. vi, 323. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by Igor Lukes

Silvio Pons. Stalin and the Inevitable War, 1936–1941. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2002. Pp. xvi, 240. $62.50 (US); Steven Merritt Miner. Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941–1945. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003; dist. Toronto: SBS. Pp. xix, 407. $90.75 (CDN). Reviewed by Gabriel Gorodetsky

Francine McKenzie. Redefining the Bonds of Commonwealth, 1930–1948: The Politics of Preference. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xii, 351. $72.00 (US). Reviewed by Catherine R. Schenk

Eunan O'Halpin, ed. Mis and Ireland, 1939–1945: The Official History. Dublin and Pordand: Irish Academic Press, 2003. Pp. xiv, 130. $26.50 (US), paper; Mark M. Hull. Irish Secrets: German Espionage in Ireland, 1939–1945. Dublin and Portland: Irish Academic Press, 2003. Pp. xx, 383. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by WILLIAM Sheridan Allen

Kathleen E. R. Smith. God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2003. Pp. xiii, 274. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by John W. Jeffries

Nick Smart. British Strategy and Politics during the Phony War: Before the Balloon Went Up. Westport: Praeger, 2003. Pp. 267. $67.95 (US) Reviewed by David Dutton

W. A. B. Douglas, Roger Sarty, Michael Whitby, with Robert H. Caldwell, William Johnston, and William G. P. Rawling. No Higher Purpose: The Official Operational History of the Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War, 1939–1943: II: Parti. St Catharines: Vanwell Publishing, 2002. Pp. xix, 664. $60.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Geoffrey Till

Omer Bartov. Germany's War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003. Pp. xxi, 248. $18.95 (US)> paper; Fritz Kieffer. Judenverfolgung in Deutschland - eine innere Angelegenheit? Internationale Reaktionen aufdie Fluchtlingsproblematik, 1933–1939. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002. Pp. 520. €100.00. Reviewed by Robert Edwin Herzstein

Petra Goedde. GIS and Germans: Culture, Gender, and Foreign Relations, 1945–1949. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2003. Pp. xxiii, 280. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Thomas Borstelmann

David M. Glantz. The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: ‘August Storm’. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2003. Pp. xxviii, 451. $59.50 (US); David M. Glantz. Soviet Operational and Tactical Combat in Manchuria, 1945: ‘August Storm’. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2003. Pp. xvi, 368. $59.50 (US). Reviewed by Dale R. Herspring

Steven E. Phillips. Between Assimilation and Independence: The Taiwanese Encounter Nationalist China, 1945–1950. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. Pp. xiii, 256. $55.00 (US). Reviewed by Ralph N. Clough

Independent Commission Of Experts Switzerland - Second World War. Switzerland, National Socialism, and the Second World War: Final Report. Zurich: Pendo, 2002. Pp. 597. €29.90. Reviewed by Jean-Christian Lambelet

D. Clayton Brown. Globalization and America since 1945. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2003. Pp. xxi, 166. $19.95 (US) paper; Alfred E. Eckes, Jr. and Thomas W. Zeiler. Globalization and the American Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Pp. 343. $65.00 (US); $22.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Warren I. Cohen

William Johnston. A War of Patrols: Canadian Army Operations in Korea. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2003. Pp. xx, 426. $45.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Jeffrey Grey

Peter Busch. All the Way with JFK?: Britain, the US, and the Vietnam War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xii, 240. $90.00 (CDN). Reviewed by Andrew Preston

Thomas Alan Schwartz. Lyndon Johnson and Europe: In the Shadow of Vietnam. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2003. Pp. 339. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by George C. Herring

Peter S. Li. Destination Canada: Immigration Debates and Issues. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. xi, 228. $29.95 (CDN) paper. Reviewed by Patricia E. Roy

Heidrun Friese, ed. Identities: Time, Difference, and Boundaries. New York: Berghahn, 2002. Pp. xiv, 273. $27.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by John R. Gillis

Lex Heerma van Voss and Marcel van Der Linden, eds. Class and Other Identities: Gender, Religion, and Ethnicity in the Writing of European Labour History. New York: Berghahn, 2002. Pp. vi, 250. $69.95 (US), cloth; $25.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Neville Kirk

Joseph E. Stiglitz. The Roaring Nineties: A New History of the World's Most Prosperous Decade. New York and London: W. W. Norton, 2003. Pp. xxxiv, 379. $25.95 (US). Reviewed by Barry Eichengreen

Vesna Danilovic. When the Stakes are High: Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. Pp. xv, 294. $52.50 (US). Reviewed by Randall L. Schweller

Gammer, Moshe, ed., with Joseph Kostiner and Moshe Shemesh. Political Thought and Political History: Studies in Memory ofElie Kedourie. London and New York: Frank Cass, 2003. Pp. x, 186. $49.50 (US). Reviewed by Raphael Israeli     

Des intellectuels contre l'idéologie économique

This article considers a number of recent trends and argues that, rather than remaining unchallenged, the supremacy of the neo‐liberal model has given renewed dynamism to the critique of economic ideology and has revitalised the humanist approach. The dominance of both economic rationality and economics as academic discipline is questioned radically. These critiques converge upon a reassessment of the foundations of French democracy and of the Welfare State in order to promote social cohesion. The works informing this study offer an alternative to the prevailing economic paradigm.     

Mouzinho da Silveira and the Political Culture of Portuguese Liberalism, 1820–1832

Summary

Liberalism as an identity and as a political ideology was non-existent in Portugal, as in most of the countries of Ibero-America, before the beginning of the nineteenth century. But the semantic development of the term ‘liberal’ in Portuguese underwent a clear and rapid mutation in the following decades. It became associated with specific meanings in relation to constitutional issues and civil law matters. While the former prevailed between 1820 and 1823, the latter were dominant in the writings of Mouzinho da Silveira and his Civil War legislation of 1832 to 1834.