Recognising values of China’s scenic and historic interest areas as world heritage cultural landscapes: Lushan case study

ABSTRACT

China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas are a major contributor to the State’s World Heritage lexicon. However, understanding of their values has led to confusion internationally and in China, not least with controversy over China’s latest promotion of the Natural Protected Areas System. This paper discusses values of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas from the cultural landscape perspective through an in-depth case study of Lushan. A theoretical framework for recognising values of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas has been set up and tested at Lushan, including exploring stakeholders’ understanding of its values as a world heritage site by using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The findings reveal that Lushan clearly represents cultural values inextricably associated with Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, and also need for supplementary advice on its Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). It suggests that the ideology driving management of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas as national parks or natural parks focusing mainly on objective nature-related conservation without regard to the traditional Chinese philosophy of the culture-nature binary will adversely affect China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas as cultural landscapes and their community values.     

基于明胶微球的新型彩绘文物保护材料的可行性分析与预实验研究

彩绘类文物的彩绘研究和提取保护是考古工作的重点。但彩绘类文物因其自身的脆弱性而难以保存，需要进行一定的修复加固保护。现有加固保护材料由于大多与文物本体材质存在差异，致使加固保护长时间后，会与本体形成开裂，甚至剥离，宏观表现为“保护性破坏”。本研究着眼于使用彩绘类文物中传统的胶结材料，即动物明胶，但因明胶特有的溶胶-凝胶性，难以直接在文物上使用。因此，本研究首次提出将明胶微米化、纳米化，以“先渗透，再交联”的方式，有效回避明胶的溶胶-凝胶性，实现原材料保护修复。实验使用条件温和的乳化交联法，制备出尺寸为2～4μm的明胶微球，使用扫描电镜、红外光谱对其进行表征，并在模拟彩绘样块上进行透气性以及大红染色观察渗透性等的实验，初步证明作为加固剂的明胶微球新材料基本符合文物保护材料的标准要求。在今后更多的实验测试下，明胶微球有望投入使用。     

实验室模拟硅酸盐质文物除盐控盐的可视化研究

针对目前广泛使用的材料吸附除盐和加湿喷雾控盐等方法对含盐硅酸盐质文物可能造成的损伤,采用扫描电子显微镜、电阻仪和高分辨摄影仪等实时在线记录具有显色性质硫酸铜溶液在吸附除盐和水雾控盐加湿干燥过程中文物内部盐带分布的变化。研究结果表明：吸附材料除盐法和表面喷雾控盐法均会加速样品内部盐离子的扩散迁移,在样品中形成双层或多层盐结晶带;所形成的盐结晶带与样品结构特性、盐溶液在样品中的运移和蒸发速率、加湿-干燥频率等因素有关,其中溶液毛细上升高度和样品透气性越好,以及环境温度和盐溶液浓度越高,加湿-干燥频率越快,样品内部的盐带分布变化越明显。材料吸附除盐和水雾控盐等方法加速了盐溶液在样品内部的扩散,促进多层盐带的形成。这些结果对于目前文物保护所采取的除盐控盐技术手段提出了新的挑战。