论湖南抗战文化的历史地位和作用

湖南不仅是九一八事变后全国抗战文化运动兴起最早,声威最壮,影响最大的省份之一;而且是七七事变后一年半内,全国抗战文化的传播、辐射中心,丰富、发展、壮大了全国抗战文化运动的声威和内涵,对推动全国抗战文化深入发展有深远影响。     

国民经济恢复时期北京的失业知识分子救济政策及其成效

国民经济恢复时期,面对失业和人才需求关系的矛盾,城市失业知识分子受到党和政府的高度关注。北京市的失业知识分子虽人数不多,但呈现出一定程度的复杂性。为此,北京市根据党和国家的政策,从首都社会秩序的稳定和首都建设的人才需求出发,在较短的时间内,有计划有步骤地对失业知识分子进行了必要的社会救济,达到了预期的目标。同时,实际操作中也遇到了一些不容回避的问题。     

从写经题记看北朝敦煌民众的崇佛心理

北朝时期敦煌地区的写经活动是当时民众奉佛的一种重要方式。约在北魏宣武帝年间,该地佛事发展兴盛,社会写经需求大量增加,并有了商业化的倾向。其写经的主要用途是为了读诵受持和流通供养。整个北朝民众写经题记和发愿文在不同时期呈现出的不同形式与内容,反映着民众相应的奉佛心理的不同变化,这些都与当时的历史背景分不开的。     

21世纪的"海洋破碎带"

本简析了海洋的争夺史,在此基础上提出了本的中心议题—21世纪的“海洋破碎带”。探析了“海洋破碎带”形成的七大因素,即：①海洋霸权主义对海洋国际贸易通道的争夺;②国际间对海洋国土的争夺;③海洋生物资源的争夺;④海洋矿产资源的争夺;⑤南极大陆的争夺;⑥海军军备竞赛;⑦海缘政治形势日益恶化。阐释了21纪“海洋破碎带”分布的海域。最后指出,中国不仅是一个陆地国家,也是一个海洋国家,中国的海上安全已近底线。为此,中国必须树立新的海洋观念,建立强大的海军,保卫国家的每一寸海洋国土。     

古章草书与《出师颂》

章草书,广义而言是汉代通行的隶书草写法;狭义而言是在隶草的基础上进而规范化的一种专门书体。章草书盛行于东汉末期,历经魏晋时代而渐成衰势,隋唐以后罕有书者。故宫博物院新近征得的原藏清宫并著录于《石渠宝笈》的隋人书《出师颂》恰恰弥补了章草书发展末期的历史空缺。本文简述章草书之由来以及古代章草书家的简况,以便读者从中了解隋人书《出师颂》的历史和艺术价值。     

"一面抵抗,一面交涉"--析论汪精卫的对日方针(1932-1937)

九一八事变后 ,面对日本不断加紧的侵华步伐 ,汪精卫开始形成“一面抵抗 ,一面交涉”的对日外交思想。一·二八事变后 ,汪精卫全面系统地阐述了这一思想 ,并将之作为汪、蒋合作的南京政府对日外交的指导方针。这一对日外交方针对当时中国政局的发展和中日关系的走向产生了深远的影响 ,同时也为后来汪精卫的叛国投日埋下了祸根。     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

一件紫檀嵌粉彩瓷片椅的修复研究

在故宫博物院的藏品中,有12把形制相同且用材和工艺极具特点的清宫旧家具——紫檀嵌瓷片椅,作者在认识其材质、用途以及镶嵌、藤编、粉彩画等工艺的基础上,分析了椅子的伤况及其成因,并依据最小干预原则制订了修复方案,解决了椅子劈裂、开粘、断裂、变形等问题。本文即是对该椅修复过程所作的科学记录,并通过经验总结对古代家具的保存与保养提出了建议。     

Neighbourhood food environments revisited: When food deserts meet food swamps

This study uses service area–based coverage and various count regression methods to assess neighbourhood-level healthy and unhealthy food environments, and food access associated with different socio-economic groups in Edmonton, Canada. We identify three types of vulnerable neighbourhoods according to different food environments: food deserts (i.e., neighbourhoods lack sufficient access to healthy foods); food swamps (i.e., neighbourhoods have excess access to unhealthy foods); and those with overlaps of food swamps and food deserts. We also identify neighbourhoods with superior access to healthy foods (i.e., food oases). Additionally, our results from regression analyses indicate: (1) child population is negatively associated with both healthy and unhealthy food resources; (2) good access to public transportation is associated with good coverage of all healthy food outlets and convenience stores; and (3) deprived neighbourhoods with higher percentages of minority populations have better coverage of both healthy and unhealthy foods in general. The results from this study can help the City of Edmonton identify the key neighbourhoods with high potential for local business and the hotspot neighbourhoods that require particular support. Tailored strategies are proposed to effectively and efficiently improve food environments with limited resources.     

吴梅致王立承论曲书札五通笺释

吴梅、王立承皆为戏曲文献收藏大家,其藏品既多且精。国家图书馆藏吴梅致王立承书札五通,于两家所藏戏曲珍本讨论尤多。彼时吴梅刚刚返回南方,在东南大学任教。二人书札南北往还,涉及戏曲文献的评价、收藏之处颇多,可见当时戏曲文献收集之情形,对民国戏曲史研究有重要价值。本文于其关涉戏曲版本之处,略为疏释,于其间戏曲版本相关讨论,或纠其误,或补其缺,并梳理其收藏源流。