一件紫檀嵌粉彩瓷片椅的修复研究

在故宫博物院的藏品中,有12把形制相同且用材和工艺极具特点的清宫旧家具——紫檀嵌瓷片椅,作者在认识其材质、用途以及镶嵌、藤编、粉彩画等工艺的基础上,分析了椅子的伤况及其成因,并依据最小干预原则制订了修复方案,解决了椅子劈裂、开粘、断裂、变形等问题。本文即是对该椅修复过程所作的科学记录,并通过经验总结对古代家具的保存与保养提出了建议。     

Neighbourhood food environments revisited: When food deserts meet food swamps

This study uses service area–based coverage and various count regression methods to assess neighbourhood-level healthy and unhealthy food environments, and food access associated with different socio-economic groups in Edmonton, Canada. We identify three types of vulnerable neighbourhoods according to different food environments: food deserts (i.e., neighbourhoods lack sufficient access to healthy foods); food swamps (i.e., neighbourhoods have excess access to unhealthy foods); and those with overlaps of food swamps and food deserts. We also identify neighbourhoods with superior access to healthy foods (i.e., food oases). Additionally, our results from regression analyses indicate: (1) child population is negatively associated with both healthy and unhealthy food resources; (2) good access to public transportation is associated with good coverage of all healthy food outlets and convenience stores; and (3) deprived neighbourhoods with higher percentages of minority populations have better coverage of both healthy and unhealthy foods in general. The results from this study can help the City of Edmonton identify the key neighbourhoods with high potential for local business and the hotspot neighbourhoods that require particular support. Tailored strategies are proposed to effectively and efficiently improve food environments with limited resources.     

吴梅致王立承论曲书札五通笺释

吴梅、王立承皆为戏曲文献收藏大家,其藏品既多且精。国家图书馆藏吴梅致王立承书札五通,于两家所藏戏曲珍本讨论尤多。彼时吴梅刚刚返回南方,在东南大学任教。二人书札南北往还,涉及戏曲文献的评价、收藏之处颇多,可见当时戏曲文献收集之情形,对民国戏曲史研究有重要价值。本文于其关涉戏曲版本之处,略为疏释,于其间戏曲版本相关讨论,或纠其误,或补其缺,并梳理其收藏源流。     

20世纪30年代日本对我国南沙群岛政策的演变

20世纪30年代,日本对我国南沙群岛政策呈现出阶段性变化。1933年“九小岛事件”发生之际,日本在对外政策中坚持“协调外交”路线,与法国达成妥协,实现共存。1936年当“南进”政策成为日本的国策时,向我国南沙群岛的扩张成为日本实施向外南洋扩张计划中的一部分。随着日本军部逐渐主导国家对外决策及国际局势的新变化,日本外务省从极力反对海军省的行动演变为积极献策,一致主张驱逐法国势力,武力侵占我国南沙群岛。1939年3月末,日本将我国南沙群岛非法“编入”领土。20世纪30年代日本对我国南沙群岛政策演变是日本外务省、海军省基于国内政治与国际时局综合考量,也是他们分歧、折冲、平衡的结果。     

六胡州古城址的发现及其环境意义

本文在追溯唐代六胡州的建置与“灵、夏之间”行政沿革的基础上,通过对内蒙古、宁夏、陕西三省区交界处,即毛乌素沙地西南缘的实地考察,并依据考古与文献资料,初步确定了今鄂托克前旗与盐池县境内的六个唐代古城址与六胡州的对应关系。从古城址的时空分布格局、选址条件、人类活动方式等出发,阐述了六胡州古城址的环境指示意义。唐初六胡州北部已经有比较严重的土地沙漠化问题,而六胡州一带建城时因受早期沙漠化过程的影响,在局部地形部位可能分布有地表积沙。     

黑水靺鞨思慕部探索

本文反对唐代“黑水”是指穆棱河与乌苏里江及其支流的观点,认为黑水是指黑龙江中下游段。结雅河下游发现的考古遗迹族属是黑水靺鞨之思慕部,不是从松花江迁移到结雅河下游流域的粟末靺鞨。靺鞨思慕部文化具有草原文化的成分。靺鞨族人种是复杂的、多源的。思慕部墓葬人骨得出的人种类型只能代表思慕部,能否代表黑水人种,或代表全体靺鞨人种,还需要新的对比材料。     

南匈奴附汉初期单于庭的设立与变迁及其历史地理考察

东汉初年,匈奴分裂,其中南匈奴部落在公元48～50年间将单于庭先后设在五原塞地区、云中郡及西河美稷,这样的变化明显体现出其空间发展过程和地域特色,同时也包含着匈奴族与汉政府之间复杂的政治关系、地理格局以及两族之间的和战与相互影响.     

Some Late Ming Western Technical Terms and Their Implications for Cultural Transformation: “Brain,” “Geometry,” “Globe,” and “Cathay”

The cluster of technical terms that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci and his Chinese partners Xu Guangqi and Li Zhizao cotranslated and introduced into Chinese in the late Ming dynasty was of significance for Chinas cultural transformation. For instance, “brain” replaced “heart” as a specific term referring to the organ of consciousness and memory. The classical Chinese interrogative numeral jihe was used to represent the core mathematical term “geometry”. Diqiu, meaning “the globe of the earth” in English, was minted to amend the traditional hemispherical dome cosmology. The identification of “Cathay” with China clarified the ambiguity in the Western geographical concept of the Far East, which had existed since the Middle Ages. Translated from Wuhan University Journal (Humanity Sciences), No. 6, 2003     

史前墓地研究述评

墓葬资料对于研究没有字记载的史前社会,具有特殊的价值和意义,其研究的主要内容包括编年、墓地形成过程、人口数量与结构、社会组织和结构、葬俗和葬制、体质特征和人种、习俗和病理、随葬品等。中国史前墓葬和墓地的研究,经历了四个阶段,即资料积累阶段、社会性质讨论阶段、发展阶段和扩展阶段。     

藏族苯教文化中的冈底斯神山解读

本文认为,在藏族的苯教文化中,冈底斯神山占有重要的地位。由于特殊的地理位置、俊美奇险的山形以及宗教、历史、神话和传说所赋予的神秘感,使冈底斯山具有了强烈的感召力、诱惑力,对它的崇拜和祭祀,已经成为千百年来藏族永恒不变的情结。