《北梦琐言》与五代实录

《北梦琐言》是五代学者孙光宪撰写的一部史料性笔记小说,具有较高的史料价值。在《北梦琐言》与五代实录的关系问题上,有关学者存在着分歧。把《北梦琐言》与《旧五代史》等加以比较,以及查核《北梦琐言》的行文后,可知该书曾摘抄过五代实录。从荆南政权与中原王朝的关系及孙光宪的创作实际来看,孙光宪有可能看到并抄录五代实录。     

试论唐朝的"中国"与"天下"

唐代"中国"一词大体用于追述前代和议论当朝.唐代"中国"有地域、文化、民族及政权的含义,可以用来指代朝廷直接统治区域、中原为核心的地区或内地,是"天下"的核心或重要组成部分.唐朝"天下"一词有广义、狭义之分.狭义的"天下"指唐朝实际统治的范围即唐朝统一多民族的国家,这是唐朝"天下"的主要含义.此"天下"与"军国"、"邦国"基本同义,但各有侧重."军国"最郑重,一般用于中央最高决策机构首脑的职掌范围;"邦国"更普通,主要用于官府和中央事务的层面;"天下"更广泛,一般用于中央和地方、官吏和百姓两方面事务的层面.广义的"天下"则指以"中国"为核心,以唐朝统一多民族国家(狭义"天下")为政治实体,包容其他国家的世界体系和政治秩序.     

登封王城岗遗址聚落形态再考察

登封王城岗遗址自史前时期的裴李岗文化,到历史时期的明代,文化传承从未间断。而大量的考古资料表明,王城岗遗址在文明演进的不同时期,其聚落形态亦发生着不断变化。     

稻盛和夫的"心学"

日本企业的经营管理模式深受西方的影响。但是,通过考察可以发现,稻盛和夫等很多日本企业家的经营哲学还是和东方传统思想有着密切的关系。本文从“企业经营需要哲学”这个命题出发,探讨了“心学”与稻盛哲学的关系,分析了京瓷公司员工凝聚力产生的原因。     

“中国西南与东南亚地区冶金技术的起源与传播暨临邛冶铁实验考古”国际学术研讨会综述

2019年11月,"中国西南与东南亚冶金技术的起源与传播暨临邛冶铁实验考古"国际学术研讨会在四川邛崃市召开。来自海内外的百余位学者,就中国西北与西南、中亚、东南亚地区冶金技术的起源与传播进行深入探讨,并在临邛汉代冶铁实验考古现场就汉代冶铁和炒钢的技术与工艺、考古遗迹与各个生产环节的对应关系、出土冶铸遗物的科技检测分析等问题展开讨论。与会代表一致认为,研讨会的召开不仅展示了亚洲大陆冶金考古的新发现和新成果,临邛冶铁实验考古也为今后冶金考古研究提供了新的思路和有效借鉴。     

关于概念史研究的几点思考

概念史是历史语义研究的著名范式,尤其是德国概念史模式享誉世界,备受推崇和借鉴。概念史方法在逐渐国际化的过程中,也在不断适应不同地域历史文化的研究取向,同时越来越显现出解决悬而未决的理论问题的迫切性。在中国新近的概念史实践中,量化分析较为常见。倘若忽视概念史方法的要领,很可能发现不了相关历史“真相”。另外值得关注的是概念史与新文化史的关系,二者有着不同的问题意识和追求。最后,概念之国际传输中的翻译困难是一个从来就有的难题。全球视野中的历史语义学是复杂的、跨地域的考析,是概念史国际化过程中极有意义的挑战。     

“Our Girls Have Grown Up in the Family”: educating German and Chinese girls in the nineteenth century

In this article, we examine and compare historical changes in girls’ home-based education in nineteenth-century Germany and China. In many ways, girls’ home-based education in these two historical contexts exhibited differences, including the relationship between formal schooling and home education, and the role that new genres played in shifting tradition and structuring girlhood. However, we argue that more commonalities between the German and Chinese cases emerge. By analyzing the relation between talent and virtue, the writing of exemplary lives, and family dynamics, we see that in both cases the home was the critical site for valorizing and reproducing the class-bounded ideology of domesticity and identification for girls as home-based education constituted the means by which knowledge, morality, and practical skills were produced and transmitted from generation to generation.     

Generic demarcation of Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species and their biogeographic significance

Three types of byssal notch are present in Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species, i.e. Claraia-type, Pseudoclaraia-type and Claraioides-type. At present, there is no consensus in the use of the generic names. The preferred classification should be both useful in practice and compatible with the rules of taxonomy. For the genera in question, details of the byssal notch are important in assessing relationships because the morphology of this structure may closely reflect phylogenetic affinities. However, a particular feature of the notch may have great significance in one taxon but low significance in a related taxon. In order to seek the best taxonomic characters for classification of Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species, we should follow empirical evidence rather than preconceived opinions. Pseudoclaraia Zhang, 1980 should be considered a junior synonym of Claraia Bittner, 1901 Bittner, A. 1901. Über Pseudomonotis telleri und verwandte Arten der unteren Trias. Jahrbuch der geologischen Reichsanstalt Wien, 50: 559–592.  [Google Scholar] because the Pseudoclaraia-type and Claraia-type byssal notches form a continuum within populations. In contrast, all known Claraioides species possess the Claraioides-type byssal notch, which is their synapomorphy, indicating monophyly. The notch is characterized by ventral enlargement due to ventral dissolution and by its contracted anterodorsal outlet due to the accretion of shell material. This is a unique character in Palaeozoic bivalves. It implies that the Claraioides byssal notch must have had a different mode of development than the other two types of byssal notch. It is thus unreasonable to place Claraioides in synonymy with Claraia. A review of the biogeographic patterns of Permo-Triassic Claraia-like species indicates that trans-oceanic dispersal of Claraia from the Boreal Realm to the rest of the world may have occurred during the latest Permian. It is possible that volcanic-winter effects triggered the trans-oceanic dispersal and the tremendous change in Permian–Triassic global biogeographical patterns.