The Mortella II & III Wrecks: premiminary observations on two 16th‐century archaeological sites discovered in Saint‐Florent Bay,Corsica, France

In 2005 and 2006 the remains of great armed vessels dated from the 16th century were discovered within an archaeological survey framework led by the Société d'Etudes en Archéologie Subaquatique (SEAS) in Saint‐Florent Bay (north Corsica, France). The preliminary study of the two archaeological sites located, named Mortella II and Mortella III, sheds light on these highly interesting shipwrecks and the contribution their excavation—programmed for 2010—will be able to provide to the maritime archaeology of this period, about which relatively little is known. © 2010 The Author     

Millet cultivation history in the French Alps as evidenced by a sedimentary molecule

We report on the detection, in a sediment core drilled in Lake Le Bourget (French Alps), of a fossil molecule (miliacin) that was synthesized by broomcorn millet cultivated in the watershed, and then exported to the sediment. The variation in abundance of this molecule allows us reconstructing the history of millet cultivation around Lake Le Bourget. Our results support the introduction of millet around −1700 BC in the region. After an intensive cultivation during the Late Bronze Age, the failure of millet cropping during the Hallstatt period coincides with a phase of climatic deterioration. Millet cultivation recovers during the Roman and Mediaeval periods before falling most probably due to the introduction of more productive cereals. These pioneering results constitute the first continuous record of an agrarian activity covering the last 6000 years and emphasize the close relationships between local hydrology, land use and agro-pastoral activities around Lake Le Bourget.     

Particle size distribution of lithic assemblages and taphonomy of Palaeolithic sites

Lithic debris derived from knapping and used tools can be assimilated to simple sedimentary particles that may undergo size sorting when exposed to geomorphic processes such as streamflow or overland flow. Sorting can be identified by comparing the size distribution of archaeological assemblages to that of experimental core reduction sequences. A new database including different types of raw material (mainly flint and quartzite) and Palaeolithic debitage (blade, Levallois, discoid, on anvil, and shaping) has been built for this purpose. Palaeoeskimo data have also been added to illustrate microlithic industries. For all the debitages and raw materials, the particle size of knapping products >2 mm in width fits with a power-law distribution and shows only minor fluctuations, the range of which is always <15% between experiments (all steps of the chaîne opératoire included up to the final tool). A lithic assemblage derived from block/core knapping or blank/preform production will display a particle size distribution close to the experimental distributions if not subsequently modified. Modifications may originate either from sedimentary processes or from anthropogenic factors. To help distinguishing amongst these, data on the impact of both water flows on sedimentary particles or experimental assemblages, and anthropogenic processes such as importation-exportation (of core, preforms or finished tools) or uneven spatial distribution of the different steps in core reduction and tool production within a site, are reviewed. By contrast to anthropogenic modifications, sedimentary processes are generally typified by strong impoverishment in or selective accumulation of fine-grained (<10 mm) artefacts together with a low intra-site variability (spatial homogenization) or a downslope size trend. Archaeological case studies taken from French Palaeolithic site are then detailed. Evidence for lithic redistribution implies that care should be taken in archaeological site analysis since sorting may impact significantly the initial techno-typological balance of the assemblage.     

Reviews of books

METHODOLOGY

Frontiers in Geographical Teaching. By R. J. Chorley and P. Haggett. 8 × 5 1/4, 385 pp., Methuen, London. 2nd Edition, 1970. Paperback, £1.lb25.

The Analysis of Geographical Data. By W. H. Theakstone and C. Harrison. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2, 132 pp., 34 figures, 15 tables, statistical tables and glossary. Heinemann Educational Books, London, 1970. 75p. (paperback).

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Dieter Kelletat: Rezente Periglazialerscheinungen im Schottischen Hochland (Gõttinger Geographische Abhandlungen 51, 1970, 67–140).

ASIA

The Transformation of the Chinese Earth. By Keith Buchanan. 10 × 6 1/2 , xvii + 336 pp., 84 maps, 63 photographs. Bell, London, 1970. £3.lb25.

Feeding the Russian Fur Trade. By James R. Gibson. 9 1/2 × 6 1/4, xix + 337 pp. Maps and tables. Bibliography. Index. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Milwaukee and London, 1969. £7.lb15.

AMERICA

Venezuela: Search for a Middle Ground. By R. E. Crist and E. P. Leahy. 13 × 20 cms. 128 pages. Searchlight Books, Van Nostrand, New York &; London. 95p.

EDUCATIONAL

Visual Geographies Book 2: The British Isles. Revised Edition. By Leonard Cundall. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2, 47 pp. Evans Bros., London, 1970. 26p.     

La Frontière Comme Enjeu les Annales et la Sociologie

Since their beginnings in the 1930’s, the Annales periodically demarcated themselves with sociology. Focusing on three decisive moments (the foundation, the Braudel moment, and the eighties), this article documents the process of boundaries drawing, which is unvaryingly at stakes in the context of institutional and epistemological disputes. The collective identity of the Annales resulted from the definition of continuously adjusted values.     

Actualités

Cet article traite du match de football ayant opposé l'équipe de France à son homologue algérienne le 6 octobre 2001 au Stade de France. Basée sur l'analyse de quatre quotidiens nationaux (Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération et L'Équipe), l'étude cherche à comprendre les représentations des relations franco-algériennes dans la presse écrite française. Il s'agit de saisir les manières dont les journaux problématisent la rencontre en construisant des catégories et des classements particuliers. L'enquête révèle ainsi la mise en scène d'un système de perception social et politique fondé sur des séparations et des hiérarchies culturelles, nationales et sociales. Plus précisément, la presse véhicule l'idée de « choc des civilisations ». Elle instaure également un rapport de domination symbolique entre les deux pays à l'avantage de la France. Enfin, elle valorise pour l'Hexagone un modèle d'intégration des individus basé sur la séparation public/privé et sur la responsabilité individuelle.     

Preparing an archaeological field survey: Remote sensing interpretation for herding structures in the Southern Levant

Development of archaeological “virtual surveys” using online satellite imagery allows the identification of an increasing number and diversity of data. Coherent procedures are now essential in the preparation of any field study: estimating archaeological potential, gathering and mapping environmental features, and building hypotheses about settlement location and settlement patterns. In this article, we propose methods aimed at developing tools to describe and measure the different elements of pastoral archaeological structures in southern Syria, and quantifying the importance of these structures in the landscape and natural environment. Our thematic case study is the pastoral settlement pattern in the Leja, a basaltic region in southern Syria.     

Commoner Power: A Case Study from the Classic Period Collapse on the Oaxaca Coast

This article argues that the agency of commoners has not been adequately theorized in archaeological studies of the political dynamics of complex societies. Recent developments in social theory emphasize that political relations are produced through social negotiations involving commoners as well as elites. This paper considers the role of commoners in the Classic period collapse in the lower Río Verde Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. Regional survey and excavation data demonstrate that the Classic-to-Postclassic transition was marked by dramatic changes in settlement patterns and sociopolitical organization, including the decline of the Late Classic regional center of Río Viejo. The research indicates that rather than passively reacting to the sociopolitical developments of the Classic-to-Postclassic transition, commoners actively rejected many of the ruling institutions and symbols that were central to the dominant ideology of the Late Classic state. Early Postclassic people reused and reinterpreted the sacred spaces and objects of the Río Viejo state such as carved stone monuments and public buildings. The evidence from the lower Verde is examined in the context of an emerging theoretical perspective in archaeology that considers commoner power. We argue that commoners contribute to the social negotiation of dominant discourses through three overlapping forms of social interaction: engagement, avoidance, and resistance.