琐议人物志编纂——《北京志·人物志》编纂手记

人物志是志书编纂的难点。首先,人物志的编纂要注意统筹平衡,要在突出当代人物的基础上,按其历史影响程度在不平衡中体现统筹;要充分利用人物志中传和表的体裁;制定不同部类入志人物的标准是统筹平衡的关键。此外,要充分发挥人物传、人物表、人名录三种体裁的不同特点,在传主事迹和人物传字数上要有统筹,对特殊人物要在不平衡中反映平衡。其次,要把握不同人物的入志特点,求真存实。最后,在具体操作中,注意在细枝末节上下功夫,保证人物志的编纂质量。     

16世纪英国抑奢法对服饰的管制

16世纪英国社会奢侈之风盛行,人们争相购买昂贵的进口服饰。这不但造成大量黄金外流,而且严重破坏了身份等级秩序。议会和枢密院为此颁布了一系列抑奢法,规定某些质地、颜色的服饰专属于某一等级。然而,抑奢法并不适应英国社会的急剧变化,也缺乏坚定的执行者和拥护者,所以收效甚微。但抑奢法的失败使都铎政府的重商主义经济政策由"重金主义"转变为"重工主义",却有利于毛纺织业的发展。     

故宫博物院信息电子化四讲

本文是作者四年间就故宫信息电子化有关专题的四次讲话,它从一个特殊的侧面展现出故宫博物院在这一文博新兴领域的建设总体思路和推进发展轨迹。其一论述了信息电子化在故宫全局工作和改革进程中的战略意义以及网站建设的原则;其二回顾了故宫信息电子化的总体思路和起步策略,小结了信息电子化基础建设的阶段性成果;其三总结了故宫信息电子化总体思路中大视角、高起点的三个与众不同的特点,指明了“数字故宫”的前景;其四以文物流通管理系统为例,再次论证了信息电子化对有效保护、合理利用、严格管理和队伍素质提高的重要意义,指出这项工作在故宫已进入了不可逆转的历史新阶段。     

Using Linear Integer Programming for Multi‐Site Land‐Use Allocation

Research in the area of spatial decision support (SDS) and resource allocation has recently generated increased attention for integrating optimization techniques with GIS. In this paper we address the use of spatial optimization techniques for solving multi‐site land‐use allocation (MLUA) problems, where MLUA refers to the optimal allocation of multiple sites of different land uses to an area. We solve an MLUA problem using four different integer programs (IP), of which three are linear integer programs. The IPs are formulated for a raster‐based GIS environment and are designed to minimize development costs and to maximize compactness of the allocated land use. The preference for either minimizing costs or maximizing compactness has been made operational by including a weighting factor. The IPs are evaluated on their speed and their efficacy for handling large databases. All four IPs yielded the optimal solution within a reasonable amount of time, for an area of 8 × 8 cells. The fastest model was successfully applied to a case study involving an area of 30 × 30 cells. The case study demonstrates the practical use of linear IPs for spatial decision support issues.     

试论汉代黄河文化与长江文化的交流

自春秋战国以来,中国逐渐形成了中原文化、北方文化、齐鲁文化、秦文化、楚文化、巴蜀滇文化、吴越文化等七大地域文化。公元前221年秦始皇统一全国后所实施的巩固统一、加强专制主义中央集权的各种政策和措施为各地域文化的交流与融合创造了极为有利的条件,但因秦享祚短暂,二世而亡,     

鹿皮唐卡的修复

2007年,包头博物馆承接了文物商店送来的一件破损的皮质唐卡修复业务.这是一件用鹿皮制作的唐卡,是文物商店从房屋拆迁队手里征集所得,唐卡因皱摺破损,不能展示,失去了观赏价值,于是便送交我馆进行修复.     

贵州方志艺文志编纂体例之嬗变及其文学意义——兼论史学与文学之互动

艺文志是贵州地方志的重要组成部分。贵州方志艺文志的编纂体例不断发展演变,逐渐形成两种类型,一是目录性质的题解方式,二是文选性质的全文收录,而每一类中又包含多种样式。贵州方志艺文志编纂体例的嬗变,体现的不仅是史学本身的发展问题,还蕴涵着史学与文学互动的深刻内涵。     

古铜镜“水银沁”表面形成机理的研究

对加工纯铜、黄铜、锡青铜和铸造高锡镜青铜样品的基体及“磨镜药”处理前后表面进行检测,发现在磨镜处理时,“磨镜药”中的Sn原子通过Hg的作用首先以置换方式扩散渗入铜材表面的α固溶体中,当Sn元素浓度达到饱和时,将首先在晶体缺陷处生成Cu41Sn11新相并逐渐长大,使表面形成“水银沁”富锡层。富锡层逐渐氧化生成致密的、显微晶态的SnO2膜。此即古铜镜“水银沁”表面的形成机理。     

Choosing What to Remember in Neoliberal Singapore: The Singapore Story,State Censorship and State-Sponsored Nostalgia

This article interrogates the persistence of heavy-handed censorship of political films in Singapore at a time of cultural liberalisation when the state has generally shown greater tolerance for alternative political expression in theatre, the literary arts, academia and public events. Part of this has to do with the focus of these films on political dissidents and their greater capacity to present a fundamental challenge to The Singapore Story, which is the regime-legitimising official account of Singapore’s history. It also has to do with the power and outreach of relatively low-budget independent films and the documentary genre in particular to evoke alternative histories vividly, give voice to the silenced, and channel these voices digitally into the collective cinematic and social media experience of the present. With the jubilee celebrations of 2015, the ruling party has been working hard to regain hegemony after experiencing its worst electoral losses in the 2011 general elections. Its main approach for achieving this has been to sponsor widespread national nostalgia coupled with highly selective censorship of political films that challenge the dominant official discourse in ways that can erode the government’s electoral dominance and political authority.     

Disequilibrium in Development Finance: The Contested Politics of Institutional Accountability and Transparency at the World Bank Inspection Panel

This article examines the dynamic nature with which independent accountability mechanisms operate. Focusing on the World Bank, the authors argue that its Inspection Panel evolves according to internal and external pressures. In seeking to achieve equilibrium, and protect its authority and independence, the Panel has gone through several distinct phases: negotiation, emergence, protracted resistance, assertion of independence and authority, renewed tension, and contestation. The core novelty of the article is its application of concepts from outside the field of development studies — notably institutional accountability from the governance literature, and judicialization from the legal studies literature — to the topic of the Inspection Panel. Examining the Panel in this way demonstrates that accountability mechanisms represent a hybrid of transnational governance influenced by a range of actors including project‐affected peoples, national governments, managers and development donors. Accountability in development finance is about competing interests as well as competing conceptions and expectations of accountability. In such a complex and multi‐scalar system, the Panel is not only concerned with delivering well‐researched investigation reports; it is also an entity seeking to ensure its own survival, as well as an arbiter of its own brand of legitimacy and accountability.