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131.
Documentation of cutmarks is standard protocol in contemporary zooarchaeology. However, there is currently no consensus about how to best quantify them. This study examines differences in cutmark patterning using two approaches: 1) by means of an experiment, comparing a control cutmark pattern to ten simulated highly fragmented sets of front and rear limbs using %NISPcut as the quantitative unit, and 2) by quantifying an archaeological faunal assemblage using both the number of identifiable specimens (NISP) and the comprehensive minimum number of elements (cMNE). Results reveal significant differences in cutmark patterning between the control set and the simulated fragmented sets. Additionally, the ordinal-scale frequencies of cutmark anatomical portions (proximal, shaft, distal) are inconsistent and fluctuate across the simulated sets. Results of the zooarchaeological analysis show that differences between the two quantification methods are significant. In general, this study suggests that on heavily fragmented assemblages, interpretations of butchering behavior based on cutmark patterning are influenced by the chosen unit of quantification. Overall, using NISP as the quantitative unit provides inconsistent results, whereas, by alleviating the effects of high fragmentation, cMNE is more reliable. 相似文献
132.
This paper argues for a renewed consideration of counterfactuals within geography. Drawing upon Doreen Massey's emphasis on notions of ‘possibility’, ‘chance’, ‘undecidability’ and ‘happenstance’, we argue for an engagement with approaches in the humanities that have addressed such issues directly. We review previous uses of counterfactual method in historical geography, particularly as related to cliometrics and the ‘new economic history’ of the 1960s, but argue that a recent upsurge of interest in other disciplines indicates alternative ways that ‘what-if’ experiments might work in the sub-discipline. Recent counterfactual work outside of geography has had a notably spatial cast, often thinking through the nature of alternative worlds, or using counterfactual strategies that are explicitly concerned with space as well as temporal causality. We set out possible agendas for counterfactual work in historical geography. These include: consideration of the historical geographies within existing counterfactual writings and analyses; suggestions for distinctive ways that historical geographers might think and write counterfactually, including experiments in geographies of happenstance, and the exploration of more-than-human possibilities; analyses of the geography of and in counterfactual writing; and study of the political, ethical and emotional demands that counterfactuals make. This discussion and framework provides an extended introduction to this special feature on counterfactual geographies. 相似文献
133.
Caroline A. Rodenburg Henri L. F. De Groot Erik T. Verhoef 《European Planning Studies》2010,18(5):709-735
Urban (re-)development projects may generate various positive and negative spatial externalities to employers. The assessment of such benefits is fraught with many methodological and empirical problems. This study aims to assess the order of magnitude of expected net benefits for incumbent employers that may accrue from a large-scale development project in the Zuidas area in the South-Western part of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. This development project is planned to transform the area into a large multifunctional urban agglomeration. We employ a specific stated preference method (namely, a willingness-to-pay method) to gauge the project's net socio-economic benefits for the current firms in the area concerned, paying special attention to the benefits associated with multifunctionality. 相似文献
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136.
This paper examines how lives have been valued (or not) in the US federal compensation programs set up in the wake of 9/11. The Victim Compensation Fund (VCF), implemented within days of the attacks, provided unlimited funds to the victims. In contrast, many first responders who developed illnesses later have had access to limited support. Only in 2011 was the Zadroga Act signed into place, which extends compensation to these workers and others. This paper compares and contrasts the two programs to make two points. One, the debates around compensation lay bare the differential values that are ascribed to life, and how biopower not only fosters life but abandons some to the point of death. Two, despite the controversies around extending compensation, the Zadroga Act was eventually enacted. Our second point is thus that war is not just destructive, but can be used to reconstitute the social and political in unanticipated ways. 相似文献
137.
AbstractAlthough the development of creative industries (CI) has formed into extensive and significant phenomenon in European cities, the conceptualization and generalization of these practices and policies is still rather weak. In addition to the attempts to explain the formation of these kinds of practices in the cities and discuss the path-dependent character of CI policies, the challenging task is to identify the main alternatives and inherent logic of CI policies, especially due to the existing rich and diverse experiences of European cities. This article aims to build a typology of the policy practices relating to CI. We make use of an “ideal types” approach, which focuses on determining a limited number of parameters to characterize alternative CI policies in different (European) cities; this is based on how one kind of CI policy practice can be distinguished from another. The article examines how the CI policies in four post-socialist cities (three of which are located in the Baltic region) contrast with the policies found in a range of other cities in Europe. 相似文献
138.
Luise Ørsted Brandt Lena Diana Tranekjer Ulla Mannering Maj Ringgaard Karin Margarita Frei Eske Willerslev Margarita Gleba M. Thomas P. Gilbert 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(2):209-221
The use of wool derived from sheep (Ovis aries) hair shafts is widespread in ancient and historic textiles. Given that hair can represent a valuable source of ancient DNA,
wool may represent a valuable genetic archive for studies on the domestication of the sheep. However, both the quality and
content of DNA in hair shafts are known to vary, and it is possible that common treatments of wool such as dyeing may negatively
impact the DNA. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we demonstrate that in general, short fragments
of both mitochondrial and single-copy nuclear DNA can be PCR-amplified from wool derived from a variety of breeds, regardless
of the body location or natural pigmentation. Furthermore, although DNA can be PCR-amplified from wool dyed with one of four
common plant dyes (tansy, woad, madder, weld), the use of mordants such as alum or iron leads to considerable DNA degradation.
Lastly, we demonstrate that mtDNA at least can be PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced from a range of archaeological and historic
Danish, Flemmish and Greenlandic wool textile samples. In summary, our data suggest that wool offers a promising source for
future ancient mitochondrial DNA studies. 相似文献
139.
Erik Eggen 《Symbolae Osloenses / auspiciis Societatis Graeco-Latinae》2013,87(1):181-189
1. Lettres lisibles: Efforts dans l'antiquité classique pour que les textes incisés sur pierre et affichés à usage public puissent être facilement lus. 2. Πoλιτικη et les Contes des Mille et Une Nuits: Πoλιτικη aus sens de prostituée apparaît encore dans les Contes des Mille et Une Nuits. 3. Kερκυσερα ou l'ambiguïté d'Achille: Par sa formation, le nom ou sobriquet Kερκυσερα d'Achille dissimule et en même temps révèle l'état ambigu d'Achille dans le gynécée du palais de Lykomède à Skyros. 4. Une expression poétique dans une novelle de Théodose H: L'expression poétique lux sola brevitatis et son corollaire nox longa. 5. Zenon rougissant: L'interpellation Foινικiδιoν de Zenon par son maître Kratès fait allusion à la rougeur d'embarras de Zenon plutôt qu'à son origine. 相似文献
140.