The causes and impact of changes in fish stocks in the waters around Fair Isle during the twentieth century

Drawing considerably from records of fish catches made by the fishermen of Fair Isle during the 20th century, this article highlights the dramatic decline in fish stocks in the waters around the Isle. It argues that the major cause has been the continuous intensification of the commercial fishing industry outside Fair Isle. Assessment is also made of the socio‐economic and cultural impact on the community of Fair Isle, and means are proposed to retain and regain links with the sea.     

Conflict and Complement: An Exploration of the Discourses Informing the Concept of the Socially Inclusive Museum in Contemporary Britain

This paper argues that there are a number of competing discourses informing debates about the idea of the ‘socially inclusive museum’ in Britain today. It identifies three major discourses present from the 19th century to the present day—the governmental, the representational, and the economic—and explores the relationships between them. It is proposed that recognition of the respective ideological and historical contexts of these different discourses will help us to understand some of the recent confusion and disagreement over the nature and merits of the ‘socially inclusive museum’. The article concludes by proposing some issues for future research.     

Reviews

Wilfrid Blunt & William T. Steam, The Art of BotanicalIllustration, Woodbridge, Suffolk & Wappingers' Falls, New York: Antique Collectors' Club in association with The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1994. 368 pp., 133 col. and 140 b. & w. illus. ISBN 1-85149-177-5. £29.95.

Priscilla Boniface & Peter J. Fowler, Heritage and Tourismin in ‘The Global Village’, London & New York: Routledge, 1993. xiv + 175pp, 18 b.&w.illus. ISBN 0-415-07237-9 £15.99.

P. Devereux, Secrets of Ancient and Sacred Places: the world'smysterious heritage, London: Blandford, 1992, 192 pp., 169 Illus., ISBN 0-7137-2229-0, £16.99.

J.M. Fladmark, ed., Heritage: conservation, interpretation, enterprise, London: Donhead, 1993, 355 pp., 21 figs., 30 b.& w. illus. ISBN 1-873394-13-6. £35.

Roger Miles & Lauro Zavala (eds.), Towards the Museum ofthe Future. New European Perspectives, London & New York:Routledge, 1994. xiv + 203pp., 28 b. & w. illus. ISBN0-415-09498-4. £27.50.

Naomi Tarrant, The Development of Costume. London & NewYork: Routledge in conjunction with The National Museumof Scotland 1994. xv+176pp., 72 b.& w.illus. ISBN 0 41508018 5 £35.     

Creating Spaces of Resistance: Development NGOs and their Clients in Ghana, India and Mexico

Development NGOs have been accused by some of being new instruments of control, domesticated by the neoliberal project. For others, they elaborate and pursue alternative dreams. In this paper, we argue that, although the majority of NGOs have been co‐opted to serve hegemonic development agendas, they nevertheless present a fluid, contradictory web of relations, within which a significant minority seeks to make spaces of resistance, and where even the most neoliberal NGOs are used by some clients to create new associational spaces. Drawing on work with NGOs in Ghana, India, Mexico and Europe, we explore various strategies deployed by this minority of "independent thinking NGOs". We argue that there is an important production of Melucci's submerged networks or latent social movements, however limited their political impact to date.     

用好行前最后一分钟—享受低价高品质旅行

金融危机的大背景下,人人都在高喊开源节流。即使在旅行中,大家也要把钱用在刀刃上。如果你是不善于提前做旅行计划,却又希望享受完美旅程的人,那么,你一直期冀以低价格享受高品质旅游的时代到来了。     

Choosing Health? Exploring Children's Eating Practices at Home and at School

Abstract:  This paper considers the influences on children's eating habits in both school and home spaces in the UK. Since 2002 the UK government has been committed to halting the increase in child obesity rates, and has sanctioned particular parental and school based practices as more "healthy" than others. This study examines this through critically questioning, in particular, the classed discourses written into health education advice and advocates a new way of thinking about health education messages. Based on qualitative research with children from one secondary school and with eight families in the North of England the paper reveals that while parents and children make decisions about their lives with reference to dominant discourses about ideal "healthy" family eating practices, their ability to realise these practices is limited in numerous ways. Moreover, the influences on children's eating habits in both home and school spaces are intricately interrelated and children's practices are clearly influenced by the spaces they inhabit. Their decisions involve balancing health education knowledge with a range of other knowledges that are bound up in the socio-spatial relations of their everyday lives. A holistic approach to understanding children's eating habits therefore requires a critical understanding of class background, parental influences and contemporary parenting practices as well as the microgeographical relations found in the school dining room.     

Expanding the utility of Uranium-series dating of speleothems for archaeological and palaeontological applications

Uranium-series (U-series) dating of speleothems is frequently used for palaeoclimate studies but its archaeological and palaeontological applications are limited to stratigraphically significant speleothem formations, such as flowstones, to provide maximum and minimum temporal points. This study targeted soda straw stalactites for U-series dating. In contrast to other speleothem formations, soda straw stalactites are fragile, have typically short life spans (usually only years but rarely up to a few hundred years) and are frequently incorporated into cave deposits. Results of thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) U-series dating of soda straw stalactites from palaeontological excavations at Blanche Cave, South Australia, show that small, dense, clean straws tend to yield ages closest to the time of stratigraphic deposition. A correlation between soda straw U-series ages and radiocarbon ages of charcoal from the site is shown. Multiple soda straw age determinations for a single stratigraphic unit are required in order to verify age concordance. In conjunction with other dating methods, U-series dating of soda straw stalactites may help to significantly constrain the age of stratigraphic units and associated archaeological and palaeontological deposits in order to provide more robust chronologies. Here we advocate the collection of soda straw stalactites at future excavations of limestone cave sites.