Interpreting Enterprise,State, and Society: A Critical Review of the Literature in Modern Chinese Business History, 1978–2008

This article offers a critical review of literature in the area of modern Chinese business history from 1978 to 2008. It focuses on four interconnected topics: (1) the evolution of industrial capitalism, (2) the adoption of corporate hierarchies and/or social networks, (3) the change of financial institutions and monetary system, and (4) the development of state-owned industries and the formation of the (central) state enterprise system. The review reveals not only significant growth of the field of modern Chinese business history over the last three decades but also the existence of major gaps. The article concludes by considering the implications of its findings for understanding the political economy of business enterprises and enterprise systems in different national and historical contexts.     

清朝的玻璃制造与耶稣会士在蚕池口的作坊

天主教耶稣会士纪理安、倪天爵、纪文和汤执中等人在北京任职期间曾经在蚕池口建立了制造玻璃及画珐琅玻璃器皿的作坊。其多数制品是日用工艺品,亦有数学和天文学仪器,而以金星玻璃为代表的佳作则是中国和欧洲宫廷及教廷之间互赠的礼品。本文大量使用西方档案叙述了欧洲的玻璃工艺,特别是吹制、添色、雕刻和抛光技术在中国的传播历程及其由盛转衰的原因。     

中美洲和前西班牙文明

大约在2500年前,位于今天墨西哥南部的奥萨卡谷地发生了一场深刻的社会文化变革,建立起以蒙特尔班为中心的第一个地域性国家。这个国家比该地区以前所发展的任何形式都要复杂。而且,和世界上其他仅有的几个国家一样,蒙特尔班国家是在当地土著文化的基础上发展起来的,没有受到任何其他地区国家的影响。我们研究的目的,是为了探索这一政体发展的基本原因和发展方式。众所周知,有关早期国家起源的问题由来已久,而且对于当代考古学来说仍然是一个重要的理论问题[1]。     

俄罗斯所藏瞿秋白未刊名事

中国党史研究室征求回忆录启事 诸位同志 现在中国劳动(者)共产(主义)大学开始讲中国党史,有一个调查表如下--请愿意写回忆录的同志,在一个月之内(到一九三○年一月卅日为止),到中国党史研究室报名:愿意写关于某一事变某一会议,愿意在某月某日交卷,以便登记.     

The business of ethics: gender, medicine, and the professional codification of the American Physiotherapy Association, 1918-1935

The history of codes of ethics in health care has almost exclusively been told as a story of how medical doctors developed their own professional principles of conduct. Yet telling the history of medical ethics solely from the physicians' perspective neglects not only the numerous allied health care workers who developed their own codes of ethics in tandem with the medical profession, but also the role that gender played in the writing of such professional creeds. By focusing on the predominantly female organization of the American Physiotherapy Association (APA) and its 1935 "Code of Ethics and Discipline," I demonstrate how these women used their creed to at once curry favor from and challenge the authority of the medical profession. Through their Code, APA therapists engaged in a dynamic dialogue with the male physicians of the American Medical Association (AMA) in the name of professional survival. I conclude that, contrary to historians and philosophers who contend that professional women have historically operated under a gender-specific ethic of care, the physiotherapists avoided rhetoric construed as feminine and instead created a "business-like" creed in which they spoke solely about their relationship with physicians and remained silent on the matter of patient care.