在技術圖書館中對革新者先進經驗的宣傳

"……极力鼓励工作中的好的榜样及先进工作者和革新者的进步的创举,用种种方法在全体劳动群众中推广先进经验,藉以帮助落后工人达到先进工人的水题。在一次这样的会议上,车间流动图书馆的图书馆员沙菲古丽娜谈论着她的工作经验:她及时地向读者报道新收到的书籍,并收集读者的意见,根据读者的需求,供应图     

Time-space patterns of second-wave Irish immigration into British towns

"A time-space model, based on Hagerstrand's (1969) methodology, is used to illustrate the diffusion of a migration-stream into new areas at destination and the associated changes in community characteristics at different stages in the settlement sequence." Published regional census data and interviews with Irish-born residents of England provide data on Irish migration into and within Britain since the 1930s     

论雅各宾专政的社会性质

最近几年,列弗年科夫在国内的学术刊物上,就雅各宾专政问题积极地发表了一些看法。这些看法可以非常扼要地概括为以下两个基本论点: 1.雅各宾专政作为法国革命最高阶段的革命政权,其社会性质是纯粹资产阶级的,这是革命资产阶级——大资产阶级和中等资产阶级——的专政。这个政权的政策是左右开弓的,既反对保王的吉伦特反革命派,也反对人民运动。2.在这个阶段,有两种专政存在并且相     

国内战争初期红军的胜利与战时共产主义政策

一苏维埃人民(同帝国主义武装干涉者和白卫分子)的斗争,是在“死亡或者胜利”的口号下展开的。1918年9月初,全俄中央执行委员会宣布苏维埃共和国为一个军营。全俄中央执行委员会9月2日决议说:“社会主义共和国的一切力量和资财都归反对暴徒武装斗争的神圣事业支配”。     

俄文版《金史·前言》

手稿的命运不尽相同,有的是幸运的,它们马上就得以出版面世,有的则是凄惨的,在一段时间里由于生活环境的不断变化而无人过问,陷人被遗忘的深渊。有时,手稿的命运又是作者坎坷一生的反映,折射出他的苦难和不幸,于是,他们就要一起耐心地等待公正获胜的时刻。我们所讲述的就完全是这样的一本书。现在,无论是俄罗斯远东地区的历史与文化方面的专家,还是求知欲极旺、心系祖国历史命运的读者,都在关注着它。北京宗教使团的大学生格奥尔吉·米哈伊洛维奇·罗佐夫的才华横溢的劳动成果──《金帝国史）｝能在约一个半世纪前问世,给俄罗…     

Die Embryologie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Empirie

Already in classical antiquity people dealt with the principle of formation, developing different theories. Researchers in the renaissance, working in the conflict zone between tradition and experience, tried to prove one or the other of these theories by the means of new observations, especially of chicken development. Aldrovandi was the first to see the real principle of formation of the hen's egg, i. e. the blastodisc, but he didn't recognize the importance of his discovery due to his close adherence to Aristotle in the theoretical field. Fabricius even thought that traditional knowledge was of more importance than his own excellent observations. Parisano was the first to succeed in making a correct interpretation of the function of the blastodisc, but only by holding to a ‘false’ classical theory. Harvey combined his attempt to restore the developmental theory of Aristotle with a religious interpretation postulating God's intervention in all development. Subsequent to atomism, Highmore evolved a two seed theory of development, which in his view made a permanent engagement of God superfluous. Also the first observations using the microscope did not contribute to any improvement in developmental theory. Malpighi used them to confirm the theory of epigenesis, whereas Croone attributed to a piece of blastoderm the proportion of a whole embryo to demonstrate his ovistic theory of preformation. The founder of animalculism Leeuwenhoek, an amateur researcher, was at first not influenced by the trends of the scientific community. He postulated that the spermatozoa, which he discovered, contained perfect miniature animals. His investigations are a good example of where prejudices can lead, even when the observations are excellent. In the 17th century the tension between experience and tradition shifted in favour of experience, but a final solution had not by any means been reached.     

清代大巴山区山地开发研究

<正> 导言 清代,人口增长和军事扩张导致了大规模的移民。移民者不仅涌向新近征服的边境地区或海外,而且为开发资源,他们也进入中国本土的山区和沼泽地带。多数情况下,资源开发的第一阶段是以耕殖为目的的土地开垦。山区陡峭的地形和较低的气温是     

盐酸和有机溶剂对象牙表面的化学效应

一、引言象牙、兽骨和有关材料,在古代就被用于制作工具(用具)、装饰品和艺术品等.世界各地出土的此类物品作为历史史料对艺术史专家、考古学家和人类学家来说是非常重要的.遗憾的是由于年代久远,埋藏环境、热力变化和自然的矿化过程,这些象牙品中有许多保存状况甚差.从古代起,象牙一直被用来作为艺术表达方式的媒介,而很少考虑到它们脆弱易损的性