Biagio Bartalini's "Catalogo dei corpi marini fossili che se trovano intorno a Siena" (1776)

In 1776, the Sienese botanist Biagio Bartalini (1750-1822) published a catalogue of wild plants growing around Siena, adding an appendix on fossils found in the same area, that is the first monograph on Sienese fossils and one of the first works of its kind in Italy. This paper provides tentative identifications of the species and an analysis of the value and meaning of Bartalini's work. The catalogue reports 72 species, each denoted by a list of names applied to analogous living taxa. Identification of single entities is extremely problematical because it can only be attempted through analysis of the literature, since the original material cannot be traced. The most interesting report is the first record of a Euro-Mediterranean Pliocene species of Sthenorytis (Gastropoda, Epitoniidae). Though important, the catalogue is incomplete, with oversights and mistakes, suggesting little familiarity with the subject. Shortcomings include some inconsistencies in the species sequence, the report of giant clams and the absence of molluscs ubiquitous in the Sienese Pliocene and sharks. Nor is it true that it is the first Italian palaeontological work in which binomial nomenclature was used, as sometimes claimed.     

They would if they could: class, gender, and popular representation of English divorce litigation, 1858-1908

A systematic sample of the petitions presented to the English Divorce Court from 1858 through 1908 makes it possible to assess the differential contribution of discrete social and economic subgroups to the litigation the Court oversaw. An examination of four of these -- the titled aristocracy, those employed in the theater, those in receipt of financial aid, and laborers -- shows that English divorce litigants exhibited a broader social profile than commonly attributed to it by the newspaper coverage of divorce litigation, which gave a skewed impression of its social profile. Analysis of these cases underscores the gendered, class, and geographically inflected demand for divorce in a judicial setting that imposed severe restrictions on access to divorce as a remedy for marital breakdown.     

Children abandoned and taken back: children, women, and families in dire straits in Lyon in the nineteenth century

Abandoning a child was no rare deed in European towns in the nineteenth century, mostly among single women in underprivileged environments. On the other hand, taking this same child back was more unusual. By analyzing the registers of the Lyon hospitals, it is possible to determine the percentage of children taken back by their mothers, how this was actually achieved, and to examine the family status of the mothers at the time of both events. Both of these acts -- abandoning a child and then taking it back -- can be put back in their context in these women's lives, for instance, by looking into the length of time separating the two procedures. To finish with, it appears that the 'Hospices civils de Lyon' encouraged mothers to take the children back and generally had a conciliatory attitude toward them, supposedly in the children's interest.     

切实增强责任感紧迫感 开创“十二五”工作新局面——论“十二五”时期叶城县社会管理工作

近年来．叶城县以科学发展观为统领,以建立与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的社会管理服务体系为目标,以解决当前社会服务管理的薄弱环节和突出问题为突破口,以体制机制创新为动力,以加强统筹协调、动员广泛参与、充分运用信息化手段为着力点,通过进一步推进社会管理服务创新,     

清代外销油画《镇海楼》颜料的分析鉴别

为研究清代外销油画《镇海楼》颜料成分及颜料层状况,利用数码显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱、X射线荧光光谱并结合扫描电镜能谱技术对其进行观察和检测。研究表明,此幅清代油画中红色颜料分别为朱砂和赭石,蓝色颜料为普鲁士蓝,黄色颜料则为雄黄和铁黄,白色颜料为铅白。通过显微镜观察发现画中部分颜料层有开裂和局部剥落现象。本研究分析为中国清代油画的材料技法、保护修复及美术史研究提供了极具价值的信息。     

垃圾大环流

垃圾大环流 帕姆．隆戈巴尔迪是一名艺术家,同时也是个垃圾收藏家。在她位于美国佐治亚州亚特兰大的工作室中。装满了她从世界各地海滩拣回来的塑料废品,都仔细地做了标签。这些已受海水侵蚀的玩具、渔网和鱼漂被北太平洋环流的海浪携带到从夏威夷至加利福尼亚州的海滩上．其中数千件将被她运用到自己的艺术作品之中。     

把羌塘留与后世 乔治·夏勒博士谈羌塘生态保护和问题

1984年,中国林业部(现国家林业局)在我完成了大熊猫的研究之后,交给我调查雪豹和其他野生动物的任务。由于这项任务的要求,我第一次访问了中国的青藏高原。之后,我每年都会到这里来。我的研究线路总是追随着野生动物的足迹,遍及它们位于新疆和青海的栖息地。我很有幸与林业部门及其他相关单位有着良好的合作,     

龟兹壁画 穿越千年的历史之美

在新疆库车、拜城一带,有几处闻名中外的艺术宝库——克孜尔石窟、库木吐喇石窟、森木塞姆石窟和克孜尔尕哈石窟等,它们因建造历史悠久、石窟壁画的瑰丽精美,以及西融东传、多元文化并存的独特价值,成为丝绸之路上一颗璀璨的明珠。其中克孜尔石窟的建造历史要比敦煌莫高窟早约200年。古丝绸之路上的龟兹王国龟兹古王国曾是塔里木河流域佛教文化的中心,也是古代西域36国中的一个大国,它坐落在丝绸之路北道的中枢地带。龟兹国立国很早,据班固《汉书》记载,龟兹在汉以前就是个有户七千、人口八万多、胜兵两万的西     

印尼总理眼中的周恩来

正尼赫鲁支持召开亚非会议1954年初,当印度支那紧张局势达到高峰时,我收到锡兰(现斯里兰卡)总理科特拉瓦拉的一封信,邀请我参加该年4月在科伦坡举行的五国(印尼、印度、锡兰、巴基斯坦、缅甸)总理会议。科特拉瓦拉在信上说,会议将是非正式性质的,这使我感到惊奇。因为会议如果是总理级的,外界自然认为属于官方性质,     

莫理循眼中的民国百姓

<正>德国女摄影师海达·莫理循1933年来到中国,担任北京商业照相馆的经理,13年间,她留下了5000多张中国影像,10000多张底片,28个摄影集。本期为读者奉上的是莫理循眼中的民国百姓。