雍正开豁世仆令与清代地方社会——以“宁国世仆”为中心

本文利用新发掘的宁国府乡土文献,勾勒出宁国世仆这一贱民群体的历史脉络及其生活实态,分析了自雍正开豁世仆令颁布以来宁国世仆的出户历程,指出:世仆制度的长期存在,具有一定的历史合理性。小姓对大姓的经济依赖,使其在社会地位上需要让渡部分权利,从而导致了双方形成不平等的尊卑等级。宗族和商业两大因素的存在,是促成世仆制度长期存在的基础。     

唐墓壁画中的“云鹤图”述论

唐人以鹤为仙鸟,以之喻仙境,云鹤图是唐墓壁画中较多见的题材。本文以此为切入点,考察唐墓壁画中云鹤图盛行的宗教信仰、政治背景与社会风尚。     

中国现代化进程中的生态困境

中国在建设社会主义现代化的进程中,对环境保护做了很多有益的尝试,但依然而临着严峻的生态困境。各种类型的自然灾害、重大环境污染和生态破坏事件频发;随着城市化进程的不断加快,城市所面临的环境危机也日益凸显;环境保护的政策与治理虽有改进,但进展缓慢,中国生态恢复和环境保护的前景不容乐观。为此,必须转变经济发展方式,实现经济、社会和环境的协调发展。     

谈高中语文兴趣教学

在新课改背景下,身处新课改第一线的语文教学工作者,只有不断更新语文教育理念,主动融入语文新课改的潮流,充分利用课堂教学这块天地,激发学生语文学习的若趣,调动学生的参与意识,培养学生的问题意识,发展学生的创造性思维,构建起崭新的语文课堂,才能为我们举步维艰的语文教育改革注入新鲜的血液,开创语文教学的一片新的天地。     

求新解到疑经:唐代古文运动与经学变古

皮锡瑞在其《经学历史》中称唐代为"经学统一时代",称宋代为"经学变古时代"。唐代经学在"统一"的主要状况下,逐渐生出反动。唐代早期,刘知几已经开始怀疑传统经学,元澹又非《礼记》并难郑玄注,而中唐新经学之兴起最为引人注目。中唐新经学与古文运动在思想和人脉上都有密切交往,古文运动鄙弃传统章句注疏之学,主张直接把握经学大义,支持学者对经学作出新解释,部分士人并尝试亲自重解经学。这种对传统经学的反动,逐渐发展至于疑经。经学变古这一萌生于唐代的伏流,最终发展至于宋代而蔚为大观。     

曾公■钟铭初读

新近公布的曾公■钟铭是一篇曾国宗庙祭祀文书,由三部分构成:一是赞颂高祖伯括的生前事功及福赐子孙;二是颂扬皇祖南公受昭王命"建于南土",以至受赐铜钺,"用政南方"。曾之"皇祖"在周昭王时期的二次受命,过去未见记载;三是器主程式化的自述和祈福。结合曾侯与钟、加嬭编钟铭文,可证伯括因勤劳文武,故在周成王时受封立国。曾公■钟铭受昭王诰命的"皇祖",疑即随州叶家山M111墓主曾侯犺。曾国二次受命以后,被周王朝授予主政南土的职责,由此奠定了日后"汉东之国随(曾)为大"的基础。     

美国学界关于中国共产党城市接管史研究述评

新中国城市接管是城市管理与城市建设的一个特殊阶段,其时间虽然较短,但影响深远。中国共产党对新解放城市的接管是中华人民共和国大厦的奠基石,也是中国共产党建政成功与否的关键。因此,研究中共城市接管是洞察中国共产党政权建构与施政理念的重要切入点。美国学界持续关注中共城市接管史,研究内容涉及城市接管的过程、接管干部(含南下干部)以及城市接管之后的社会改造和城市变迁等。随着研究视角的转换,美国学界的关注点亦有所不同。近些年来美国学界相关的研究议题越来越细化,关注点从宏大的政治叙事转向社会结构和城市生活变迁,而研究方法也呈现多样化的趋势。     

Cultivation of Naked Barley by Early Iron Age Agro-pastoralists in Xinjiang,China

ABSTRACT

We report an archaeobotanical analysis of flotation samples taken from Shirenzigou, an Early Iron Age agro-pastoralist site dated between the fourth and first century BC, located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The charred macro-botanical assemblage is dominated by naked barley grains with a few broomcorn and foxtail millet grains. In the context of Trans-Eurasian exchange of cereal crops, southwest Asian crops (wheat and barley) and two Asian millets (broomcorn and foxtail) were introduced to Xinjiang a few centuries to a millennium before Shirenzigou was occupied. The choice of barley cultivation in preference to wheat and millet may have been possibly driven by the relatively extreme local environment and the scheduling requirements of mobile pastoralism. Barley is well suited to this environment, and the choice of naked barley in preference to hulled barley may have been driven by the whole grain tradition prevailing in East Asia.     

Electrical Resistivity Tomography with Angular Separation for Characterization of Burial Mounds in Southern China

The study aims at providing the spatial distribution and potential structure of the burial mounds at the Sifangling site, Hepu Han Tombs, in southern China. We implemented an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique to obtain high‐resolution imaging of archaeological targets, considering the challenging environment and the depth of the burials. Three ERT profiles were tested above a small ancient mound previously detected by exhaustive archaeological drillings, following which 18 ERT profiles with angular separation were performed on the largest mound at the test site, without any a priori archaeological evidence below the surface. Then, a series of two‐dimensional (2D) profiles were combined as a ‘pseudo‐3D’ volume, which allowed a detailed characterization of the burial mound, and iso‐resistivity surfaces were also calculated to emphasize the location and spatial extent of the target. The results gave an effective identification of the funeral chamber and its structural details, and allowed detailed pre‐excavation planning.     

“朝臣备”:《李训墓志》所见遣唐使名字的书写问题

2019年末《大唐故李府君(训)墓志铭》的公布一度成为热点,学界对"日本国朝臣备"是否吉备真备一事各执己见,往复撰文进行了论辩。本文从中日关系史的角度出发,依据中日两国史料,从日本遣唐使采用汉名的发展过程,来论证吉备真备自称朝臣备的可能性。而他为《李训墓志》书丹的原因,与李训在暂住地洛阳去世,且去世五天即匆匆下葬,非由家人主持葬仪,而是由李训所结交的士友操持有关。