秦汉时期中央监察制度研究综述

有关秦汉时期中央监察制度的研究,一直是学术界研究的热门课题。随着研究的不断深入,相关论著日益增多,研究范围也不断拓宽。本文主要从秦汉时期监察制度的历史地位、秦汉中央监察机构的设置、职权与运行机制等方面,梳理了近20年来有关秦汉中央监察制度的研究成果。     

作为经济过程的陶器起源

长期以来,陶器、磨光石器和农业起源一直被视为新石器时代开始的标志,而对这些发明产生的原因大多被归因于人类智慧的创造或技术的累进。19世纪的极端传播论者甚至认为,全世界陶器是来自埃及的单一发明。虽然这种起源观在世界各地大量独立发明的考古证据面前已经不堪一驳,但是对其为何会在世界各地独立起源则一直缺乏令人信服的探讨和解释。布朗的这篇文章从史前人类经济发展的角度分析了陶器出现前后容器技术的变化和发展,认为随着食物资源的变化所导致的加工、储藏、炊煮需求加大,使得陶器在生产和用途上成为比其他容器更具优势的选择。而且,随着定居生活的开始,陶器生产作为妇女家务的一部分,与其他容器生产相比,也具有时间安排灵活和省时省力的优点。由于维生方式的变化(日趋定居)、食物资源特点(种子、坚果和贝类)和加工技术上的优点,最后使得陶器在全世界成为农业社会的不二选择。因此,对陶器起源的原因应该从社会的经济和适应层面去了解。我国一些全新世早期的遗址如湖南的八十垱、玉蟾岩和浙江的上山、小黄山、跨湖桥遗址出土了很早的陶器,但是并没有成熟农业的迹象。特别是跨湖桥陶器制作的精致程度令一些学者怀疑其年代测定的古老性。因此,我们应当跳出传统思维的文化累进窠臼,尝试从这些遗址的维生方式和经济过程来探讨陶器起源和发展的原因。而布朗的这篇文章可望为我们的研究提供一个比较合适的视角和切入点。     

党政领导干部绩效考核中亟待解决的若干问题

对党政领导干部进行绩效考核,既是一个重大的实践问题,也是一个重大的理论问题,是一项政策性和政治性都很强的综合系统工程。而现有的一系列党政领导干部考核评价体系,尚有许多重要的理论与实践难题需要认真研究解决。     

Comparison of celadon from the Yaozhou and Xicun kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty of China by X-ray fluorescence and microscopy

The Xicun kiln is a typical kiln for firing porcelains for export, including celadon, which imitates the products of the Yaozhou kilns. In this paper, 10 pieces of celadon from the Xicun kiln and 8 celadon samples from the Yaozhou kiln were analysed in situ non-destructively by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence microprobe and optical microscopy. The results indicated that the body of the Xicun celadon contained less TFe₂O₃, Cr, Sr and Zr, and more K₂O and Rb than that of the Yaozhou celadon. Also, the glaze of the Xicun celadon contained lower quantities of Sr and higher Rb; thus, these elements could be employed as relevant markers for the non-destructive discrimination of the provenance of Xicun celadon. In addition, the thicker glaze, the numerous bubbles, and the existence of the middle layer could be used as auxiliary indicators for a micro-structural distinction between samples from the Yaozhou kiln and those originating from Xicun.     

人本主义心理学视域下的晏阳初平民教育解析

晏阳初的平民教育思想享誉全球,既推动了中国教育的长足发展又对全球教育的进步有重要意义。创新性的将人本主义心理学引入研究范畴,从宏观上揭示晏阳初作为教育家的理想诉求,从微观上解构其施教对象和内容具有的人本理念,为以后的研究提供参考。     

Experimental Study and Numerical Model Calibration for Earthquake-Induced Collapse of RC Frames with Emphasis on Key Columns,Joints, and the Overall Structure

A thorough investigation of earthquake-induced collapse of reinforced concrete frames is presented. The inherent correlation between the nonlinear behavior of key components and the collapse mechanism of overall frame is examined through concurrent collapse tests of both frame and key components. Important issues in the component models are investigated through calibration against experiments, leading to a comprehensive structural system model. Both test and simulation indicate that the seismic performance are predominately governed by the key columns, whereas the energy dissipation capacity is somewhat affected by the joints. This study offers systematic experimental data and numerical models for future collapse assessments.     

Ancient DNA analysis on Clonorchis sinensis eggs remained in samples from medieval Korean mummy

In the present study, Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) ancient DNA (aDNA) was successfully extracted from human remains discovered in a tomb dating to the medieval Joseon dynasty of Korea. The presence of C. sinensis eggs was confirmed by microscopic observation, after which a PCR-based aDNA analysis was performed using primer sets designed for the amplification of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) genes. The sequences obtained were 100% homologous to some contemporary C. sinensis gene sequences reported from Korea and other East Asian countries. We believe that the results of our analysis expand the temporal and geographical scopes of research on the history of C. sinensis infection in different human populations.     

西安城墙“泛碱”病害分析及保护研究

西安城墙的墙体常大面积析出白色盐粉,这种现象被称为"泛碱"。大量出现的泛碱现象不但大大影响西安城墙的整体美感,而且会降低砖材的力学强度造成脱落、粉化等病害,甚至对墙体的稳定性和安全性都造成威胁。为了了解其产生的原因,本工作通过X射线衍射分析方法对泛碱物质进行分析。分析结果表明,泛碱主要成分为NaCl、NaNO3、Na2SO4.10H2O、无水芒硝。结合对西安地区环境地下水和降雨等资料的调查,认为"泛碱"的主要原因为原材料以及地下水、雨水等引入的可溶盐。针对这一现象,提出了用"多层纸张贴敷法"除去导致砖石表面酥粉泛碱的可溶盐,再后期杀菌封护的保护方案。     

INCORPORATING TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION,FACTOR MOBILITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE INTO CROSS‐REGION GROWTH REGRESSION: AN APPLICATION TO CHINA*

ABSTRACT This paper advocates a spatial dynamic model that introduces technology diffusion, factor mobility, and structural change into the cross‐region growth regression. The spatial setting is derived from theory rather than spatial statistical tests. An application of this model to the study of cross‐province growth in China over the period 1980–2005 indicates that incomes are spatially correlated, which highlights the significance of technology diffusion and factor mobility. Furthermore, the integration of neoclassical growth empirics and the structural change perspective of development economics provide a much improved account of interprovincial variations in income levels and economic growth.     

靺鞨人种考

通过对俄罗斯远东地区特罗伊茨基靺鞨墓地和沙普卡靺鞨墓地的人类学资料探讨靺鞨人群的人种问题,从研究的结果看,在体质类型的划分上沙普卡靺鞨人更接近古西伯利亚类型,而特罗伊茨基靺鞨人则更接近古蒙古高原类型,暗示了靺鞨人群的构成是复杂而多源的。特罗伊茨基墓地在考古学文化和人群的人种构成上都受到来自贝加尔地区人群特别是突厥人群的影响。特罗伊茨基靺鞨人和沙普卡靺鞨人在最终的基因流向上也存在不同的倾向。