Nationalist geographies in interwar Yugoslavia: manoeuvring between national and transnational spaces

Taking into consideration several seemingly contradictory characteristics of Yugoslav geography, this article examines the employment of transnational spaces by the competing nationalist geographical narratives in interwar Yugoslavia. Though preoccupied with Yugoslavia and its political crises, at the beginning and the end of the interwar period Yugoslav geographers were concerned with international political developments, especially in East Central Europe. There were tensions between a geographical region and a national space as a preferred framework of research as well as between the belief that the political, economic and cultural development of Yugoslavia was unique and that it was comparable to development of other parts of East Central Europe. The determinist understanding of the nation as shaped by the physical landscape emphasized not only the ability, but also the necessity, of nationalist geographies to function on multiple spatial levels. Yugoslav geographers used the conceptual apparatus developed by French and German geographical traditions to establish a comparative framework in which they elaborated on various geographical characteristics of Yugoslavia, especially those politically significant, by referring to other European countries because it seemed difficult to describe the new country in terms of itself. German Geopolitik became particularly influential and, although taking different stands on it, several Yugoslav geographers pointed to geopolitical similarities with Czechoslovakia and Poland to draw conclusions regarding Yugoslavia. But geographical comparison had ambiguous implications, as it was used both to fortify and challenge the interwar Yugoslav state.     

湖南省市镇规模等级结构的动态研究

本文应用市镇人口规模分布理论,研究了湖南省城市人口规模分布结构的动态变化及其基本特征。同时构造了2000年湖南省市镇序秩--规模分布模型,并利用logistic函数对预测结果进行了验证。预测表明:2000年南省市镇人口、市镇化水平分别约为2174万和32%,特大城市和大城市将扩大为长沙、衡阳、湘潭、株洲、岳阳和常德六市。据此对2000年湖南省市镇等级体系进行了规划。     

中国铜元收藏与研究的历史发展概况（下）

五、衰落与延续(50-70年代的国内外情况)1949年新中国成立之后,因众所周知的原因,钱币研究事业冷淡下来了。唯一的成果就是50年代彭信威先生耗尽一生心血编著出版的《中国货币史》,其中谈到铜元的文字,不超过900字,约当全书百分之一的篇幅,然而作者强调了中国铜元的特性和特殊历史地位,认为铜元“在中国钱币史上成为一个独立的部门”。但这个设想,一直没有得到进一步的阐释和论述。此后整个钱币学的研究随着钱币收藏的衰落而衰落了。在中国钱币收藏与研究事业停步不前的六、七十年代里,世界各地对中国钱币的收藏与研究并没有中断。在50年代,…     

论方志编纂五原则

方志在历代承续的编纂过程中,形成了自己独特的编纂原则,其中的五大原则,即存真求实,详今明古,生不立传,述而不论,横分纵述,更是社会主义新方志编纂原则的重要组成部分。     

甘肃新石器时代与青铜代陶器研究的内容和科学意义

通过素面夹砂红陶瓮修复的实例,介绍了意大利物保护修复的理论与方法,从中可以领略到中意两国在物修复原则和方法上的迥异之处。     

乡村权力文化网络中的"社"组织研究--以晋南万荣通化村、荣河村和河津西王村为例

一、前言 　　在社会现代化进程中,中国乡村的社会结构和权力文化呈现着多元互动的组合模式.对于中国农村,既不能从主流政治的立场把它简单地界定为国家权力的基层组织,也不能从纯行政区域的眼光看待其空间组合,而要从历史文化变迁、人文地理状况等多方面深入考察不同区域的社会文化特征.我们在晋南万荣、河津等地的田野调查中,就深刻地体会到不同区域乡村组织的复杂性.“社“这一从古代传承下来的民间组织,在其他地区已经销声匿迹了,但是,在河津、万荣以及与此隔河相望的陕西韩城、合阳却还存活着,而且正显示着实际的社会功能,这引起我们对当前乡村民俗组织的结构特征、存活形态、运行机制等问题的浓厚兴趣.经过考察,我们发现“社“这种民俗组织在不同历史时期、特定地域内显示着不同的社会功能,因而在乡村社会中也表现出相异的民俗特征,它作为乡村权力文化网络的交织点正在社会现代化进程中发挥着不可替代的作用.……     

杨增新与科布多事件及阿尔泰并新

1912年,沙俄在策动外蒙古宣布独立后,唆使外蒙古出兵侵占科布多,并试图以外蒙古为工具图谋新疆及阿尔泰地区。时任新疆都督的杨增新,在内外压力重重的背景下,积极出兵援助科布多。在科布多沦陷后,仍坚持部署收复科城计划,精心筹办新疆边务,确保阿尔泰地区安全,并在与沙俄的交涉中军事、外交斗争并重。杨增新虽然不能从根本上改变当时北京政府在科布多问题上的无力软弱状态,但亦尽自身努力保护了阿尔泰地区,最终实现了新疆历史上第一次真正行政及军事意义上的完全统一,对维护国家领土完整与安全做出了积极贡献。     

南宋杭州的开封宫观——宗教文化转移之实例研究

The central government of the empire moved south from Kaifeng to Hangzhou after the collapse of the Northern Song Dynasty, resulting in some of the Daoist temples that were originally in Kaifeng to be re-established in Hangzhou. These reestablished temples were, for the most part, intimately related to the imperial politics. They were a manifestation of the continuation and legitimacy of the imperial regime and were a psychological confirmation of the safety of the regime and the imperial household. From this we can see, in the midst of religious cultural changes, how the basic cultural factors were interrelated with particular believers. Translated from Sichuan Daxue Xuebao 四川大学学报 (the Journal of Sichuan University), 2006, (3): 33–39     

差异何其大——台湾时代蒋介石与胡适对彼此间交往的记录

蒋介石与胡适的关系为学术界所乐道,甚至被赋予诸多象征意义.1949年国民党政权逃台后的蒋胡关系,既是大陆时代的延续,也有在台湾时空环境下新的特点.蒋介石在台湾时期日记的开放,为研究二人关系提供了全新的资料.蒋介石与胡适均记载了他们交往的经过与彼此观感,但相异甚大,往往是"一个事件,各自表述".蒋介石在日记中痛骂胡适与在公开场合下对胡的"礼遇"形成鲜明的对比,背后的玄机,令人深思.