清代满族皇帝对长白山的高度神化及其祭祀之礼

本文考察清代皇帝对长白山神化内容的延伸与扩大,及与此有关的祭祀制度和内容.具体论述:清代皇帝不仅把长白山列同中原五岳,而且论证长白山为中原泰山"龙脉"之根源,为本朝入主中原的合理性张本,构建其神化性根据,从而把长白山的神化提高到一个新的高度;另外,所制定的祭祀制度,则内容增加,而且祭祀频繁,成为清代长白山祭祀的重要特点.长白山的神圣性及其地位、在民间尤其是满族中的影响.也因此而大为提高.     

简论十六国北朝时期的敦煌大族与佛教

本文把十六国北朝时期的敦煌大族与佛教问题分为三期。汉晋之际,初居敦煌的大族主要独尊儒家文化,他们并未真正信仰佛教;十六国时期,他们在尊奉传统儒家文化的同时,开始接受佛教,在思想信仰方面儒释兼行;北朝时期,其佛教信仰有了长足发展,且有压倒儒学之势。这个时期,敦煌大族的思想信仰和文化代表了敦煌宗教文化的发展方向。     

论金宣宗"九公封建"

金廷南迁后,两河地区州县残破,金宣宗于兴定四年降诏分封河北9个义军首领为郡公,史称"九公封建".这种利用地主武装抵抗蒙古进攻、收复失地的举措,虽然是迫于形势所作出的一种权宜选择,同时也产生一些消极影响,但客观上其所起到的积极作用还是应该充分肯定的.     

Nationalism,liberalism and liberal nationalism in post-war Croatia*

This article analyses ethnic nationalism and liberalism as expressed in the views of Croatians in the aftermath of the 1991–5 war – a war during which ethnic-nationalist rhetoric played a large role. Because the war was part of systemic change in the nation, including the adoption of more democratic and capitalist social formation, we also anticipated economic and political liberalism to be present among a sizeable portion of the population. We provide an analysis of the structural conditions fostering these sentiments, an analysis potentially applicable to a range of societies presently in transition. Based on 1996 survey interviews (N=2,202) conducted throughout Croatia, we show that ethnic nationalism in the Croatian context is more widely shared than is liberalism. The effect of religious fundamentalism, educational attainment and media exposure are as predicted, based on theories of liberalism and nationalism. Wartime experiences and position in the occupational system have a weaker and more mixed influence than hypothesised. Perhaps most importantly, we find that three out of five Croatians embrace both ethnic-national views and views that are distinctly liberal, suggesting that liberal nationalism is now dominant in Croatia. The characteristics of groups holding differing views suggest that recent events and current changes in Croatia bode positively for continued growth of liberal sentiments, but this will not necessarily be at the expense of ethnic nationalism.     

鹿皮唐卡的修复

2007年,包头博物馆承接了文物商店送来的一件破损的皮质唐卡修复业务.这是一件用鹿皮制作的唐卡,是文物商店从房屋拆迁队手里征集所得,唐卡因皱摺破损,不能展示,失去了观赏价值,于是便送交我馆进行修复.     

金文“句鑃”、“左守”讨论

金文中有自名“句鑃”的乐器,前人对其名的解释不尽完善,本文利用声韵训诂对“句鑃”一词的内涵意义和音读等多方面内容进行了研究和考证。“左守”一词是西周金文中新发现的,本文结合《三礼》等文献,从青铜礼器的性质、礼仪制度和语法结构、字义训释等方面论证了其含义,并阐明它对研究西周礼器制度的意义。     

Sequential Incisions on a Cave Bear Bone from the Middle Paleolithic of Pešturina Cave,Serbia

We present the detailed analysis of a cervical vertebra from a cave bear, found at Pe?turina cave, Serbia, in a Mousterian archaeological level dated by radiocarbon at 43.5–44.6 kyr cal BP, and by ESR to between 93.5 and 102.5 kyr BP. Identified as a portion of the cranial articular facet, the fragment displays ten subparallel grooves. The microscopic study of these grooves and other surface modification present on the bone fragment, conducted with multifocus optical and confocal microscopes and complemented by a taphonomic analysis of the associated faunal assemblage, supports the hypothesis that the incisions were made by humans. Results are used to critically examine ambiguities implicit in the analysis and interpretation of early engravings, a category of material culture that has been playing a key role in the identification of early instances of symbolically mediated behavior.     

云龙湖,遗落人间的一面铜镜

云龙湖是历史深处的一面明镜。镜面之上,是云龙山;倒映在镜子深处的,则是汉朝的月光。到徐州,必去云龙湖。观云龙湖,则必先登云龙山。登上云龙山,打开历史册页,你会看到云龙湖遮蔽的壮阔波澜。云龙山其实是后来的名字,本来名字叫石佛山。当我在一本史书上查证到这个信息,这个名字一下子就击中了我。山川河流,一旦嵌进“佛”字,这个山水就多了一层神性的天光。人与山水的距离,就拥有了生命之间的隐秘通道。当然,这个“佛”字也不是凭空来的,因为山上确实有座寺庙,叫兴化禅寺。再一查证,此座寺庙原来叫石佛寺,缘于北魏大石佛而建。真是万物皆有来处。     

《孙壁造像碑》为唐碑宋刻

新乡市博物馆所藏《孙壁造像碑》原以为是唐碑,但作者认为该碑阴下半部分为宋代重刻。碑文对唐代邮驿及宋代的户籍制度也有所反映。     

中国北方旧石器时代中期文化的年代问题

本文运用黄土地层学、气候地层学、生物地层学的方法尝试建立中国北方旧石器时代中期文化发展序列,认为大荔遗址、丁村遗址、周口店15地点、许家窑遗址、陕西长武窑头沟、辽宁喀左鸽子洞的年代分别相当于深海氧同位素的阶段7-8、6-4、6、4、4、3。并认为中更新世哺乳动物群在北方的最终消失大约在阶段6,如以中更新世哺乳动物群的消失作为中晚更新世界限,则和黄土地层学的研究结果比较吻合。