Thirty-Second Annual Meeting,Evesham, 1875

Abstract

This paper considers the sculpted capitals in Wells cathedral. Although integral to the early Gothic fabric, they have hitherto eluded close examination as either a component of the building or as an important cycle of ecclesiastical imagery in their own right. Consideration of the archaeological evidence suggests that the capitals were introduced mid-way through the building campaigns and were likely the products of the cathedral's masons rather than part of an original scheme for the cathedral as a whole. Possible sources for the images are considered. The distribution of the capitals in lay and clerical spaces of the cathedral leads to discussion of how the imagery might have been meaningful to different audiences on either side of the choir screen.     

Nature and provenance of the sandstone used for Bayon style sculptures produced during the reign of Jayavarman VII

Under Jayavarman VII (1182/83-ca.1218 CE) the Khmer empire reached its apex, leaving a heritage of major construction works and unique artistic production. The stone materials of several sculptures produced under his reign were characterized and compared to possible geological sources in northern and eastern Cambodia. The data suggest that a specific type of sandstone, rich in volcanic detritus, was deliberately selected and quarried from a Triassic sedimentary sequence exposed far from Angkor, the main political and economic center at that time.     

Colonial knowledge and the military in India, 1780–1860

Military officers and surgeons played a critical role in the collection, analysis and dissemination of knowledge in colonial India. Yet the little attention to date that has been directed at scholars with military backgrounds has treated their army service as incidental to, rather than formative of, their contributions to knowledge of India. While not all were actively engaged in intellectual pursuits, a surprisingly large number of orientalists came from the army. In some cases, this can be attributed to the military's need for specific information. But such strictly utilitarian motives were not always at work; boredom, curiosity and professional aspirations encouraged officers and surgeons to take up scientific, literary and artistic activities. Military service also offered opportunities for travel, as well as technical training, which furthered such pursuits. Consequently, much of the colonial knowledge that was generated in the first century of colonial rule was tinged with military values and it was sometimes framed in language redolent of the army. This would in turn help to popularise certain readings of Indian society, particularly those which stressed the medieval and fragmented nature of Indian society. The boundaries between fact and fiction became blurred as romanticism came to influence British aesthetic, historical and scientific encounters with India.     

Pterygotid eurypterid chelicera from the Lower Devonian of Victoria

A single eurypterid (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) chelicera, assigned to Acutiramus sp. cf. A. bohemicus, is described from the Wilson Creek Shale, Turtons Creek inlier, north of Foster, Victoria, Australia. The specimen comprises the proximal portion of both rami. This pterygotid chelicera supports an Early Devonian (?Lochkovian) age for the stratum at this locality, by comparison with occurrences of A. bohemicus from the Czech Republic and closely related species in northern Gondwana.     

Migration and Viking Dublin: paleomobility and paleodiet through isotopic analyses

During the early medieval period in Ireland, Dublin was established as the largest Viking settlement on the island in the ninth century AD. A previous biodistance study has suggested that the population of the town consisted of a polyethnic amalgam of immigrant and indigenous. In this study, we use biogeochemistry to investigate paleomobility and paleodiet in archeological human remains from the ninth to eleventh century levels at the sites at Fishamble Street II (National Museum of Ireland excavation number E172), Fishamble Street III (E190) and John’s Lane (E173), as well as twelfth-century remains from Wood Quay (E132). Through radiogenic strontium isotope, stable oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotope, and elemental concentration analyses, we investigate the origins of the individuals who lived and died in early and late Viking Dublin. Mean archaeological human enamel and bone isotope values from Dublin are ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.70975 ± 0.00139 (2σ, n = 22), δ¹³C_{carbonate(V-PDB)} = −14.8‰ ± 0.8‰ (1σ, n = 12), and δ¹⁸O_{carbonate(V-PDB)} = −7.2‰ ± 1.0‰ (1σ, n = 12). Archaeological human bone samples exhibit mean δ¹³C_{collagen(V-PDB)} = −20.8‰ ± 0.5‰ (1σ, n = 12) and mean δ¹⁵N_{collagen(AIR)} = +10.0‰ ± 1.7‰ (1σ, n = 12). Comparing these data with archaeological faunal data from Dublin and published data from northern Europe, we argue that there are no clear immigrants from other parts of the North Atlantic, although there is one clear outlier in both origins and diet. Overall, the relative homogeneity in both paleomobility and paleodiet may support models of acculturation in Viking Dublin, rather than a high number of first-generation immigrants or continued migration from Scandinavia.     

A Bayesian AMS C chronology of the Classic Maya Center of Uxbenká, Belize

Archaeologists require precise chronologies of cultural change to understand the nature and timing, and causes and effects, of ecological and social transformations. The Uxbenká Archaeological Project (UAP) has made chronology building a main goal, employing epigraphic data, artifact seriation, and high-precision AMS ¹⁴C dating. With more than 60 ¹⁴C dates with measurement errors below ±25 ¹⁴C yr, primarily on single charcoal specimens, Uxbenká may be the most intensively dated Classic Period site in the tropical Maya Lowlands. Here we take the next step, combining this rich chronometric dataset with associated stratigraphic information in OxCal's Bayesian framework to generate a high-resolution chronology of Uxbenká's early development and expansion in southern Belize. We show how archaeologists may take advantage of complex architectural stratigraphy to constrain broad calibrated ranges during the Classic Period, and to estimate dates for observed construction events that can not be directly dated (e.g., clearing/leveling plazas, laying plaster floors, renovating/rebuilding structural elements). Our analysis confirms the antiquity of the ceremonial Stela Plaza (Group A), where first construction is estimated between 60 cal BC and cal AD 220 and is associated with a Pre-Classic structure obscured by later construction and reorientation of the group to a N-S alignment ca. AD 150–310. The analysis also indicates initial leveling and construction at plaza Group B from cal AD 60–310 and Group D from cal AD 20–240, both earlier than previously assumed. Though Late Classic contexts are not as well represented by direct dates, architectural modifications are documented at all three plaza groups after AD 550, including the extensive plastering, laying paving stones, and construction of facades on existing structures. The resulting chronology revises our previous thinking on the mode of settlement and development of Classic Maya society at Uxbenká and indicates specific areas of investigation to elucidate events in the Late and Terminal Classic at the site, including political and social fragmentation and the abandonment of the urban core late in the Classic Period.     

Feature Review

Abstract

Nordlinger, Eric A. Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 335 pages, $29.95. ISBN 0-691-04327-2 Publication Date: September 1995

Ireland, Owen S. Religion, Ethnicity, and Politics: Ratifying the Constitution in Pennsylvania University Park, PA: Penn State Press 292 pp., $55.00 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-271-01433-4 cloth ISBN 0-271-01434-2 paper Publication Date: October 1995

Rozell, Mark J. and Clyde Wilcox, eds. God at the Grassroots: The Christian Right in the 1994 Elections Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield 288 pp., $59.50 cloth. $22.95 paper ISBN 0-8476-8097-5 cloth ISBN 0-8476-8098-3 paper Publication Date: September 1995

Cavanaugh, John William Media Effects on Voters: A Panel Study of the 1992 Presidential Election Lanham, MD: University Press of America 182 pp., $39.00, ISBN 0-8191-9942-7 Publication Date: September 1995

Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 640 pp., $39.95 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-674-94292-2 cloth ISBN 0-674-94293-0 paper Publication Date: September 1995

Silver, Marc L. and Martin Melkonian, eds. Contested Terrain: Power, Politics, and Participation in Suburbia Westport, CT: Greenwood 262 pp., $59.95, ISBN 0-313-29600-6 Publication Date: July 1995

Orum, Anthony M. City-Building in America Boulder, CO: Westview 261 pp., $65.00 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-8133-0842-9 cloth ISBN 0-8133-0843-7 paper Publication Date: April 1995

Browne, William P. Cultivating Congress: Constituents, Issues, and Interests in Agricultural Policymaking Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 295 pp., $29.95 cloth, $14.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-0700-5 cloth ISBN 0-7006-0701-3 paper Publication Date: April 1995

Schick, Allen The Federal Budget: Politics, Policy, Process Washington, DC: Brookings Institution 223 pp., $36.95 cloth, $15.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-7734-5 cloth ISBN 0-8157-7733-7 paper Publication Date: 1995

Himelfarb, Richard Catastrophic Politics: The Rise and Fall of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 University Park, PA: Penn State Press 132 pp., $28.50 cloth, $13.95 paper ISBN 0-271-01465-2 cloth ISBN 0-271-01466-0 paper Publication Date: November 1995

Thompson, Dennis F. Ethics In Congress: From Individual to Institutional Corruption Washington, DC: Brookings Institution 256 pp., $34.95 cloth, $14.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-8424-4 cloth ISBN 0-8157-8423-6 paper Publication Date: August 1995

Mann, Thomas E. and Norman J. Ornstein, eds. Intensive Care: How Congress Shapes Health Policy Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute and Brookings Institution 316 pp., $38.95 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-5464-7 cloth ISBN 0-8157-5463-9 paper Publication Date: September 1995

Pearce, David D. Wary Partners: Diplomats and the Media Washington, DC: CQ Press 205 pp., $35.95 cloth, $23.95 paper ISBN 1-56802-067-8 cloth ISBN 1-56802-066-X paper Publication Date: April 1995

Thurber, James A. and Roger H. Davidson, eds. Remaking Congress: Change and Stability in the 1990s Washington, DC: CQ Press 218 pp., $38.95 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 1-56802-160-7 cloth ISBN 1-56802-161-5 paper Publication Date: September 1995

Kerbel, Matthew Robert Remote and Controlled: Media Politics in a Cynical Age Boulder, CO: Westview 170 pp., $45.00 cloth, $13.95 paper ISBN 0-8133-2592-7 cloth ISBN 0-8133-2593-5 paper Publication Date: August 1995

Lewis, Charles and Center for Public Integrity The Buying of the President: An Inside Look at the Special Interests behind Clinton, Dole, Gramm, Wilson, Buchanan, and Others New York: Avon Books 271 pp., $12.00 paper ISBN 0-380-78420-3 paper Publication Date: February 1996

Ragsdale, Lyn Vital Statistics on the Presidency: Washington to Clinton Washington, DC: CQ Press 455 pp., $46.95 cloth, $32.95 paper ISBN 1-56802-050-3 cloth ISBN 1-56802-049-X paper Publication Date: November 1995

Weko, Thomas J. The Politicizing Presidency: The White House Personnel Office, 1948-1994 Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 224 pp., $35.00 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-0695-5 cloth ISBN 0-7006-0696-3 paper Publication Dale: April 1995

Mayer, William G., ed. In Pursuit of the White House: How We Choose Our Presidential Nominees Chatham, NJ: Chatham House 366 pp., ISBN 1-56643-027-5 paper Publication Date: January 1996

Landy, Marc K. and Martin A. Levin, eds. The New Politics of Public Policy Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press 344 pp., $49.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-8018-4877-6 cloth ISBN 0-8018-4878-4 paper Publication Date: 1995

Lynn, Laurence E., Jr. Public Management as Art, Science, and Profession Chatham, NJ: Chatham House 199 pp., $19.95. ISBN 1-56643-034-8 Publication Date: April 1996

Sunderland, Lane V. Popular Government and the Supreme Court: Securing the Public Good and Private Rights Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 361 pp., ISBN 0-7006-0743-9 Publication Date: January 1996

Rochefort, David A. and Roger W. Cobb, eds. The Politics of Problem Definition: Shaping the Policy Agenda Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 216 pp., $29.95 cloth. $14.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-0646-7 cloth ISBN 0-7006-0647-5 paper Publication Date: September 1994

Lerner, Robert, Althea K. Nagao, and Stanley Rothman Molding the Good Citizen: The Politics of High School History Texts Westport, CT: Praeger 187 pp., $55.00 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-275-94919-2 cloth ISBN 0-275-95100-6 paper Publication Date: 1995

Lind, Michael The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution New York: Free Press 436 pp. $23.00, ISBN 0-02-919103-3 Publication Date: July 1995

Kutulas, Judy The Long War: The Intellectual People's Front and Anti-Stalinism, 1930-1940 Durham, NC: Duke University Press 334 pp., $39.95 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-8223-1526-2 cloth ISBN 0-8223-1524-6 paper Publication Date: July 1995

Godson, Roy, Ernest R. May, and Gary Schmitt, eds. U.S. Intelligence at the Crossroads: Agendas for Reform Washington, DC: Brassey's 315 pp., $25.95, ISBN 1-57488-036-5 Publication Date: 1995

Stearns, Monteagle Talking to Strangers: Improving American Diplomacy at Home and Abroad Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press 201 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-691-01130-3 Publication Date: February 1996

Yetiv, Steve A. America and the Persian Gulf: The Third Party Dimension in World Politics Westport, CT: Praeger 180 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-275-94973-7 Publication Date: July 1995

Roman, Peter J. Eisenhower and the Missile Gap Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 264 pp., $25.00. ISBN 0-8014-2797-5 Publication Date: 1995

Khalilzad, Zalmay, ed. Strategic Appraisal 1996 Santa Monica, CA: RAND 329 pp., $20.00 paper ISBN 0-8330-2343-8 paper Publication Date: January 1996

Simpson, Christopher National Security Directives of the Reagan and Bush Administrations: The Declassified History of U.S. Political and Military Policy, 1981-1991 Boulder, CO: Westiew 1032 pp. $119.95, ISBN 0-8133-1177-2 Publication Date: March 1995

Thompson, John Herd and Stephen J. Randall Canada and the United States: Ambivalent Allies Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press 387 pp., $45.00 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-8203-1618-0 cloth ISBN 0-8203-1619-9 paper Publication Date: September 1994

Franks, C. E. S., J. E. Hodgetts, O. P. Dwivedi, Doug Williams, and V. Seymour Wilson, eds. Canada's Century: Governance in a Maturing Society: Essays in Honor of John Meisel Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press 369 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-7735-1293-4 Publication Date: July 1995

Nickson, R. Andrew Local Government in Latin America Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 315 pp., $49.95, ISBN 1-55587-366-9 Publication Date: August 1995

Bartell, Ernest and Leigh A. Payne, eds. Business and Democracy in Latin America Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh University Press 290 pp., $49.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-8229-3853-7 cloth ISBN 0-8229-5537-7 paper Publication Date: November 1995

Mainwaring, Scott and Timothy R. Scully, eds. Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 578 pp., $60.00, ISBN 0-8047-2307-9 Publication Date: March 1995

Collinson, Sarah Europe and International Migration London and New York: Pinter 189 pp., $57.50, ISBN 1-85567-049-6 Publication Date: June 1993

Schneider, Gerald, Patricia A. Weitsman, and Thomas Bernauer, eds. Towards a New Europe: Stops and Starts in Regional Integration Westport, CT: Praeger 240 pp., $55.00. ISBN 0-275-94856-X Publication Date: November 1995

Kourvetaris, George A. and Andreas Moschonas, eds. The Impact of European Integration: Political, Sociological, and Economic Changes Westport, CT: Praeger 335 pp., $65.00 cloth, $22.95 paper ISBN 0-275-94952-4 cloth ISBN 0-275-95356-4 paper Publication Date: January 1996

Doud, David Tieman Berlin 2000: The Center of Europe Lanham, MD: University Press of America 327 pp., $49.50, ISBN 0-7618-0067-0 Publication Date: October 1995

Swietochowski, Tadeusz Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition New York: Columbia University Press 290 pp., $32.50, ISBN 0-231-07068-3 Publication Date: August 1995

Parrott, Bruce, ed. State Building and Military Power in Russia and the New States of Eurasia Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe 319 pp., $59.95 cloth, $22.95 paper ISBN 1-56324-360-1 cloth ISBN 1-56324-361-X paper Publication Date: September 1995

Fish, M. Steven Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 300 pp., $39.50, ISBN 0-691-03703-5 Publication Date: March 1995

Sun, Yan The Chinese Reassessment of Socialism, 1975-1992 Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 352 pp., $45.00 cloth. $18.95 paper ISBN 0-691-02999-7 cloth ISBN 0-691-02998-9 paper Publication Date: October 1995

Shih, Chih-Yu State and Society in China's Political Economy: The Cultural Dynamics of Socialist Reform Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 206 pp., $45.00, ISBN 1-5587-580-7 Publication Date: April 1995

Gregor, A. James Marxism, China, and Development: Reflections on Theory and Reality New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction 283 pp., $34.95, ISBN 1-56000-195-X Publication Date: 1995

Hunt, Michael H. The Genesis of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy New York: Columbia University Press 343 pages. $34.50, ISBN 0-231-10310-7 Publication Date: February 1996

Gu, Weiqun Conflicts of Divided Nations: The Cases of China and Korea Westport, CT: Greenwood 263 pp., $59.95. ISBN 0-275-95112-X Publication Date: July 1995

Alagappa, Muthiah, ed. Political Legitimacy in Southeast Asia: The Quest for Moral Authority Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 446 pp., $60.00 cloth. $19.95 paper ISBN 0-8047-2504-7 cloth ISBN 0-8047-2560-8 paper Publication Date: 1995

Yasutomo, Dennis T. The New Multilateralism in Japan's Foreign Policy New York: St. Martin's Press 230 pp., $39.95, ISBN 0-312-04778-9 Publication Date: October 1995

United Nations; intro, by Boutros Boutros-Ghali The United Nations and Human Rights, 1945-1995 New York: United Nations 544 pp., $29.95, ISBN 92-1-100560-4 Publication date: October 1995

Weiss, Thomas G., ed. The United Nations and Civil Wars Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 231 pp., ISBN 1-55587-527-0 Publication Date: 1995

Kent, Peter C. and John F. Pollard, eds. Papal Diplomacy in the Modern Age Westport, CT: Praeger 288 pp., $59.95, ISBN 0-275-94441-7 Publication Date: June 1994

Goodwin, Charles Stewart The Third World Century Lanham, MD: University Press of America 168 pp., $32.50. ISBN 0-8191-9534 Publication Date: June 1994

Westlake, Martin A Modern Guide to the European Parliament London: Pinter 302 pp., $59.00 cloth, $22.00 paper ISBN 1-85567-200-6 cloth ISBN 1-85567-201-4 paper Publication Date: December 1994

Zartman, I. William and Victor A. Kremenyuk, eds. Cooperative Security: Reducing Third World Wars Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press 376 pp., $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-8156-2647-9 cloth ISBN 0-8156-0305-3 paper Publication Date: August 1995

Webb, Michael C. The Political Economy of Policy Coordination: International Adjustment since 1945 Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 269 pp., $37.50, ISBN 0-8014-2929-3 Publication Date: July 1995

Burns, Richard Dean. ed. Encyclopedia of Arms Control and Disarmament New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 3 vols., 5280.00, ISBN 0-684-19281-1 Publication Date: 1993

Tullis, LaMond Unintended Consequences: Illegal Drugs and Drug Policies in Nine Countries Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 227 pp., $42.00, ISBN 1-55587-549-1 Publication Date: 1995

Gunther, Richard P., Nikiforos Diamandouros, and Hans-Jürgen Puhle The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press 493 pp., $60.00 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-8018-4981-0 cloth ISBN 0-8018-4982-9 paper Publication Date: September 1995

Shain, Yossi and Juan J. Linz, eds. Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions New York: Cambridge University Press 326 pp., $59.95 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-521-47417-5 cloth ISBN 0-521-48498-7 paper Publication Date: July 1995

Rohr, John A. Founding Republics in France and America: A Study in Constitutional Governance Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas 370 pp., $45.00 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-0733-1 cloth ISBN 0-7006-0734-X paper Publication Date: November 1995

Franklin, Daniel P. and Michael Baun, eds. Political Culture and Constitutionalism: A Comparative Approach Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 246 pp., ISBN 1-56324-415-2 cloth ISBN 1-56324-416-0 paper Publication Date: 1995

Jacobsen, David Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press 181 pp., $33.50, ISBN 0-8018-5150-5 Publication Date: 1996

Manuel, Frank E. A Requiem for Karl Marx Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 255 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-674-76326-2 Publication Date: August 1995

Giddens, Anthony Politics, Sociology, and Social Theory: Encounters with Classical and Contemporary Social Thought Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 304 pp., 545.00 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-8047-2622-1 cloth ISBN 0-8047-2624-8 paper Publication Date: September 1995

Derber, Charles What's Left: Radical Politics in the Postcommunist Era Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press 225 pp., $40.00 cloth, 514.95 paper ISBN 0-87023-953-8 cloth ISBN 0-87023-954-6 paper Publication Date: July 1995

Disch, Lisa Jane Hannah Arendt and the Limits of Philosophy Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 226 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-8014-3013-5 Publication Date: 1995

Piore, Michael J. Beyond Individualism: How Social Demands of the New Identity Groups Challenge American Political and Economic Life Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 215 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-674-06897-1 Publication Date: 1995

Mahoney, Daniel J., ed. In Defense of Political Reason: Essays by Raymond Aron Lanham, MD: Rowman &; Littlefield 187 pp., $52.50 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-8576-7877-6 cloth ISBN 0-8476-7878-4 paper Publication Date: February 1994

Johnston, Douglas and Cynthia Sampson, eds. Religion: The Missing Dimension of Statecraft New York: Oxford University Press 350 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-19-508734-8 Publication Date: August 1994

Fleming, James Rodger and Henry A. Gemery, eds. Science, Technology, and the Environment: Multidisciplinary Perspectives Akron, OH: University of Akron Press 347 pp., $39.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-9622628-9-7 cloth ISBN 1-884836-00-3 paper Publication Date: December 1994

Peters, Julie and Andrea Wolper, eds. Women's Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives New York: Routledge 372 pp., $65.00 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-415-90994-5 cloth ISBN 0-415-90995-3 paper Publication Date: April 1995     

Electoral Messages from the District: Explaining Presidential Support in the U.S. House of Representatives

Legislators are highly sensitive to those parts of their reelection constituencies whose support is least solid. Therefore, out-party members of Congress should be more supportive of the opposing party's president when that president enjoys greater electoral support among the legislators' reelection constituencies. This hypothesis is tested in the U.S. House of Representatives during the 1980s and 1990s. The hypothesis is supported, even with controls for the ideology of the member and the political orientation of the district. The findings suggest legislators have a sophisticated view of their districts and perceive electoral messages from the voting patterns of their constituents. The results also imply that presidential success is conditioned by the forces that operate in the congressional election context.     

Plant Cultivation on the Northwest Coast: A Reconsideration

Conventional wisdom suggests that the peoples of the Northwest Coast did not cultivate plants prior to European contact. Considerable evidence suggests the contrary, however, particularly the well-documented practice of estuarine root gardening among the Kwakwaka'wakw and other indigenous peoples of the region. These gardens were maintained through transplanting, weeding, selective harvesting, soil modifications, and the production of mounds or low terrace-like structures within individually demarcated root plots. The scholarly oversight of these practices can be attributed to a number of biases rooted in the colonial and academic agendas of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In turn, scholarly legitimation of the region's “nonagricultural” label has served to undermine indigenous land claims on estuarine sites into the present day.