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971.
Peter R. Schmidt 《African Archaeological Review》2009,26(4):305-325
Around the margins of Asmara, Eritrea, hundreds of sites dating to the early and mid-first millennium BC have been documented.
They range from single family dwellings to small and large hamlets, small and large villages, and small towns. We call these
Ancient Ona sites, using the Tigrinya term for ruin. Our findings testify to significant subsistence, ritual, and economic
variation within a region of 12 by 17 km: (1) different subsistence strategies in the well-watered, open basin to the west
of Asmara (emmer wheat, barley; cattle) compared to the uplands north and east of Asmara (lentil, teff; goats/sheep); (2)
ritual events, marked by stone bulls' heads and a huge ash deposit at Sembel Kushet, that brought people together in rites
of passage and intensification during Meskel-like ceremonies, including ritual exchange; and (3) the exploitation of gold
north of Asmara among heterarchically organized communities that exchanged specialized products within this region. 相似文献
972.
973.
974.
Audrey J. Horning 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2004,8(3):199-215
Renewed examination of an enigmatic settlement site perched atop a cliff above Murlough Bay in Goodland Townland, County Antrim, Northern Ireland calls into question long held ideas about Gaelic rural economy on the eve of the Ulster Plantation by reintroducing the complex cultural and political relationships between the north of Ireland and the Scottish isles. Long interpreted as temporary post-medieval booley huts associated with seasonal transhumance, recent re-evaluation of the site suggests instead that Goodland represents a permanent seventeenth-century Highland Scottish village. Although the medieval linkages between the north of Ireland and the Scottish isles have long been acknowledged, twentieth-century sectarianism has subjugated awareness of the Highland (Roman Catholic) Scots focusing upon the legacy of the in-migration of Protestant Lowland Scots during the Ulster Plantation. Material evidence at Goodland re-introduces the Highland Scot to the contested landscape of contemporary Ulster identity, while also facilitating analysis of continuity, change, and cultural complexity in the rural economy of early modern Ireland. 相似文献
975.
Rob Mann 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):319-337
This study asks the question, “What happens when the colonizers become the colonized?” It examines the social, cultural and political-economic transformations that took place as first the British and then the Americans wrested control of Great Lakes fur trade from the French and their Native American allies. One result was the ethnic segmentation of the fur trade labor market, which attempted to relegate Canadiens to the role of fur trade laborers. In response Canadien traders constructed homes and identities that were constitutive of both their fur trade society heritage and their political-economic position. 相似文献
976.
James K. Feathers Jack Johnson Silvia Rodriguez Kembel 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(3):266-296
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is applied to quartz extracted from mud mortar collected from Chavín de Huántar, an
early Andean monumental center. The samples appear to have been only partially exposed to sunlight during construction, so
a minimum age model is applied to equivalent dose distributions. Complications, including complex radioactivity, low sensitivity
of the quartz, and limited sample, prevent high precision, but the 14 dates obtained cluster around 1000 BC largely in agreement
with radiocarbon assays on charcoal also collected from the mortar. Results suggest a relatively rapid construction for the
monument. This work develops OSL as a method for directly dating architectural mortar. 相似文献
977.
After almost three centuries of investigations into the question of what it means to be human and the historical processes
of becoming human, archaeologists have amassed a huge volume of data on prehistoric human interactions. One of the largest
data sets available is on the global distribution and exchange of materials and commodities. What still remains insufficiently
understood is the precise nature of these interactions and their role in shaping the diverse cultures that make up the human
family as we know it. A plethora of theoretical models combined with a multitude of methodological approaches exist to explain
one important aspect of human interaction—trade—and its role and place in shaping humanity. We argue that trade parallels
political, religious, and social processes as one of the most significant factors to have affected our evolution. Here we
review published literature on archaeological approaches to trade, including the primitivist-modernist and substantivist-formalist-Marxist
debates. We also discuss economic, historical, and ethnographic research that directly addresses the role of traders and trade
in both past and contemporary societies. In keeping with the complexities of interaction between trade and other aspects of
human behavior, we suggest moving away from the either/or perspective or strong identification with any particular paradigm
and suggest a return to the middle through a combinational approach to the study of trade in past societies. 相似文献
978.
Mark A. Rees 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):338-359
Acadian expulsion from Nova Scotia and subsequent settlement in south Louisiana during the late eighteenth century have inspired
numerous studies since the 1970s concerning their history, cultural practices, and ethnic identity. The transformative landscape
of south Louisiana is the milieu where actions, experiences, and perception interconnect with collective memory and historical
consciousness in the production of Cajun identity. The resulting historical narratives and commemorations constitute a heritage
landscape known as Acadiana, where monuments, memorials, historic sites, and parks reaffirm and reproduce this identity. An
historical archaeology of Acadiana, including a recent investigation of the Amand Broussard homesite, offers a unique opportunity
for cultural analysis and historical critique. 相似文献
979.
Shipwrecks are resource rich. The recent Gulf of Mexico Deep Gulf Wrecks Project was meant to be shared and explored, not
only by professional scientists but also by the public. The project website was the public link to the deepest reaches of
the Gulf of Mexico during the scientific expedition. The website welcomed hundreds of visitors each day during the project.
The audience composed of professionals and interested public followed the daily logs and videos. The overall scientific and
educational data sets amassed from the project were, at times, overwhelmingly vast, but when segmented by topic, became manageable.
After the fanfare generated by following along with the expedition ended, the primary project goals shifted to analysis and
the creation of a lasting educational legacy. This legacy is presented digitally via the web. Project curriculum gives classrooms
around the globe long-term access to the exciting scientific data. Along with the documentary film project the Deep Gulf Wrecks
Project ensures that the legacy at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico is indeed a lasting legacy. 相似文献
980.
Marlies Heinz 《Archaeologies》2008,4(3):460-470
This paper discusses the relationships between ethics and archaeological fieldwork. It represents the author’s reflections on her own archaeological work in an area, Lebanon, which has in recent times been wracked by considerable violence. The stimulus for the paper came mainly from the question posed by the session organizers and editors of this issue: what would constitute ethical archaeological practice, especially in situations of war and violence but also in cultural contexts in which different approaches to understanding and valuing historical knowledge predominate than those typically held by archaeologists. Two concrete examples from my own fieldwork in Beirut and Kamid el-Loz make clear how the scientific interests of historical-archaeological research and those of people who live in the research area can be reconciled despite specific instances in which they diverge. 相似文献