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871.
Niche construction theory (NCT) is a relatively new development within evolutionary biology, but one that has important implications
for many adjacent fields of research, including the human sciences. Here, we present a broad overview of NCT and discuss its
application to archaeology. We begin by laying out the basic arguments of NCT, including a historical overview, focusing on
how it affects understanding of human behavior and evolution. We then consider how NCT can be used to inform empirical research
and how it might profitably be applied in archaeology, using as a case study the origins of agriculture. We suggest that the
unrivaled potency of human niche construction, compared with that of other species, means that archaeologists need not be
mere consumers of biological insights but can become important contributors to evolutionary theory. 相似文献
872.
William R. Caraher 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(2):241-254
Scholars have frequently invoked the abandonment of Early Christian basilicas in the sixth and seventh centuries as key evidence
for the end of antiquity in Greece. The standard narrative treats the archaeological evidence for abandonment as the physical
manifestation of decline recorded in textual sources. The neat equivalency between archaeology and text ignores the role that
abandonment plays in the narrative strategies of the textual sources. By reexamining the tie between text and archaeology,
we can read the life cycle of the Early Christian basilica in Greece more critically and consequently expand our understanding
of this dynamic period in Greek history. 相似文献
873.
Effie F. Athanassopoulos 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(2):255-270
This paper examines the processes of settlement and abandonment of the medieval countryside as revealed by archaeological
surveys undertaken in southern Greece. The Nemea region, the focus of an intensive archaeological survey, serves as a case
study. Early archaeological surveys approached this time period primarily from a historical point of view. Political history
provided the textual frame while the archaeological data were expected to “fill in” the gaps of the historical record. In
contrast, in the last twenty-five years the second generation of surveys has taken an active interest in the archaeological
documentation of the medieval countryside. The settlement trends observed in Nemea are viewed as manifestations of a variety
of political, social, and economic processes. 相似文献
874.
Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):498-526
“Powered cultural landscapes” is my term for landscapes that express social power dynamics. Historical archaeologists have
not adopted or developed adequate definitions or theorizations of the terms “power” or “landscape.” Since these terms are
predominantly considered separately in the literature, this article first briefly defines power and develops a heterarchical
theory of power. Then cultural landscapes are defined and categories of human-landscape interactions are constructed. The
bulk of the article applies my heterarchical paradigm to analyze the social power dynamics in selected examples of historical
archaeological research concerned with each category of human-landscape interaction. 相似文献
875.
Battlefield archaeology has provided a new way of appreciating historic battlefields. This paper provides a summary of the
long history of warfare and conflict in Scotland which has given rise to a large number of battlefield sites. Recent moves
to highlight the archaeological importance of these sites, in the form of Historic Scotland’s Battlefields Inventory are discussed,
along with some of the problems associated with the preservation and management of these important cultural sites. 相似文献
876.
Timothy E. Gregory 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(2):302-307
Recent work by archaeologists emphasized the contributions of archaeological fieldwork to the study of post-classical Greece.
This marks a significant departure from traditional approaches to the archaeology of Byzantium that tended to focus on art
historical methods and architectural history. Despite these changes in the study of post-classical Greece, the issues of abandonment,
continuity and change continue to play an important role both in ongoing debates and will undoubtedly influence future research
priorities. Only collaboration among scholars who study historical archaeology in Greece and elsewhere will ensure the continued
relevance of this field even as these long-standing debates wane in relevance. 相似文献
877.
Alfredo González-Ruibal 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):547-574
Despite the relevance of material culture in the politics and culture of Italian Fascism (1922–45), this phenomenon has rarely
been approached from an archaeological point of view. In this article, I argue that archaeology can provide new insights into
the study of this particular version of totalitarianism. I will show the connections that an archaeological study of fascism
has with some concerns of historical archaeology, such as colonialism, power, conflict, and race. For this, three Italian
military sites in Ethiopia will be examined. 相似文献
878.
Amanda M. Evans Matthew A. Russell Margaret E. Leshikar-Denton 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(2):79-83
On January 2, 2009, the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage entered into force, setting
an international precedent for the protection and preservation of underwater archaeological resources and providing guidelines
for site management and responsible investigation. Historically, submerged cultural resources, particularly shipwrecks, have
been exploited primarily for their potential monetary value. Over the last 50 years archaeologists have challenged this perception,
demonstrating the cultural and scientific value of submerged cultural resources. 相似文献
879.
Martijn Manders 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(2):117-127
Europe and Asia have a long-term maritime relationship with each other, not always to the benefit of both. However, this intensive
connection has led to an outstanding heritage that is still present in many of the former colonies. These relics from the
past are parts of both European and Asian history. But what we usually share is the object and not the view: the past has
many different faces. The Netherlands tries to be involved in the protection and management of her heritage overseas. Being
aware of the political implications this can have, it focuses on a shared responsibility, on capacity building and on sharing
data and information between the partner countries. Among other tools being developed is the creation of a platform for data
and information exchange, that on a political level has established a common cultural heritage policy framework. 相似文献
880.
Matt Edgeworth 《Archaeologies》2010,6(1):138-149
It used to be the case that archaeological features and artifacts were principally on a human scale. But that familiar world
is changing fast. As archaeology extends its range of focus further forward in time its subject matter is moving beyond human
proportions. Developments in macro- and micro-engineering mean that artifacts are no longer limited in size by physical limitations
of the body. As scale and impact of material culture extends outwards and inwards in both macroscopic and microscopic directions,
the perspectives of contemporary archaeology must change in order to keep track. 相似文献