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181.
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Here we report δ13C and δ15N measurements of serial sections of human deciduous and permanent tooth dentine from archaeological samples taken from the medieval village site of Wharram Percy, Yorkshire, UK. We found a pattern of enrichment, for both δ13C and δ15N, where the tooth crown was greater than the cervical part of the root, which in turn was greater than the apical portion of the root and the associated rib collagen values. This pattern reflects a decrease in the consumption of isotopically enriched breast milk and the introduction of less enriched weaning foods in the diet. The (mean±SD) difference between the deciduous second molar crowns and corresponding rib samples from the same individuals after 2 years of age was 1.2±0.4‰ for δ13C and 3.2±0.8‰ for δ15N. The δ15N values are as predicted, but as there were no C4plants at Wharram Percy, this 1.2‰ enrichment in δ13C represents clear evidence of a carbon trophic level effect in collagen from breastfeeding infants. Carbon and nitrogen results also show that the infant diet among those who died in infancy did not differ from those who survived into childhood. This study demonstrates the promise of using dentine serial sections to study the temporal relationships of breastfeeding, weaning, and dietary patterns of single individuals. 相似文献
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184.
Ute Christina Bauer 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2010,91(4):103-103
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187.
Gerrit Leendert Dusseldorp 《African Archaeological Review》2010,27(2):107-133
Scrutinising prey choice allows the testing of hypotheses on whether the hunting capabilities of Middle Stone Age (MSA) people
were as sophisticated as those of Later Stone Age hunter–gatherers. I apply an optimal foraging perspective to investigate
whether MSA prey choice was constrained by the danger associated with hunting certain species. Here, I study the relative
importance of elands, buffalo and suids. Eland was the most attractive prey to hunter–gatherers because it is large and docile.
Buffalo and suids are more aggressive. When additional species to eland needed to be exploited, we would expect unsophisticated
hunters to prefer the smaller suids over buffalo. If hunting prowess was sufficient to deal with both buffalo and suids, buffalo
should be preferred. Due to their size, exploitation of buffalo would be more profitable than exploitation of suids. I show
that, taking environmental circumstances into account, buffalo were preferred to suids, suggesting that MSA people were capable,
sophisticated hunters. 相似文献
188.
Archaeobotanical and GIS-based approaches to prehistoric agriculture in the upper Ying valley,Henan, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Archaeobotanical survey has sampled a series of late Neolithic to early Bronze Age settlements in the upper Ying valley (part of the central plain of China) and provided useful data for understanding prehistoric arable ecology and farming during a period of increasing local social complexity. A combination of the modelling functions offered by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the data reduction possibilities offered by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allow us to explore possible relationships between local arable ecology, crop-processing strategies and the natural environment. The results should be treated cautiously given the size of the analytical sample but suggest that differences in the natural environment around each site may explain varying patterns of wild food collection, while social and cultural factors may better explain variation in farming practice and crop-processing at different sites. 相似文献
189.
Charles E. OrserJr. 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2010,18(2):111-150
The practice of historical archaeology has exploded over the past two decades, and especially since 2000. Methodological advances
and new theoretical insights mean that archaeological research requires periodic evaluation, and this overview builds on the
work of three earlier assessors of the discipline. Here, I concentrate on four areas of research currently being pursued by
historical archaeologists: analytical scale, capitalism, social inequality, and heritage and memory. I conclude that historical
archaeologists have made major strides in understanding the modern world and that future research promises to offer diverse
perspectives that will deepen our appreciation for how the past influences the present. 相似文献
190.
Ian Gilligan 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2010,17(1):15-80
This paper presents a thermal model for the prehistoric origin and development of clothing. A distinction is drawn between
simple and complex forms of clothing, with broad implications for the interpretation of paleolithic technological transitions
and the emergence of modern human behavior. Physiological principles and paleoenvironmental data are harnessed to identify
conditions requiring simple, loosely draped garments and the more challenging conditions that demanded additional protection
in the form of complex garment assemblages. No actual clothing survives from the Pleistocene, yet the archaeological record
yields evidence for technological and other correlates of clothing—more evidence than is generally supposed. Major innovations
and trends in the distributions and relative frequencies of lithic and other tool forms may reflect the changing need for
portable insulation in the context of fluctuating ice age climates. Moreover, the nonthermal repercussions of complex clothing
can be connected with archaeological signatures of modern human behavior, notably adornment. Alternative models are less parsimonious
in accounting for the geographical and temporal variability of prominent technological and other behavioral patterns in association
with environmental change. 相似文献