Archaeology’s quest for a seat at the high table of anthropology

Between 1900 and 1970, American archaeologists perceived themselves as second-class anthropologists because the archaeological record suggested little not already known ethnographically, archaeology served anthropology by testing ethnologically derived models of cultural evolution, the archaeological record was ethnologically incomplete as a result of poor preservation, and archaeologists used but did not write anthropological theory. Ethnologists of the period agreed with these points and regularly reminded archaeologists of their limited role in anthropology. A few archaeologists claimed in the 1950s that archaeology could contribute to anthropological theory but they were ignored. The claim was reiterated by new archaeologists of the 1960s, and by the 1970s worries about the poor preservation of the archaeological record had softened. However, most archaeologists after 1970 (and before 1990) used anthropological theory and did not write new theory on the basis of archaeological data. The root cause of American archaeology’s ninety-year absence from anthropology’s high table of theory seems to be the discipline-wide retention of the ninety-year old belief that archaeology is prehistoric ethnology and the (unnecessary and constraining) corollary that archaeologists must use anthropological theory to explain the archaeological record.     

徐祖正骆驼书屋所藏"闺闱丛珍"

一、骆驼书屋的主人及其藏书概况 有关藏书家徐祖正的资料,仅<文献家通考>中有这样的叙述:"徐祖正,江苏昆山人,字号、生卒年及仕履未详.     

雷家坪遗址出土六朝玻璃珠的相关研究

采用显微观察、X射线衍射物相分析和X射线荧光光谱成分测试等手段,对湖北省巴东县雷家坪遗址六朝时期墓葬出土的若干精美“珠饰”进行了观察和分析,阐述了它们的特征,确定其材质;并与其他遗址出土不同时期的玻璃制品进行比较,发现其配方和我国西周至汉代玻璃,以及西方传统玻璃差别甚大。结合考古背景资料分析,这批珠饰很有可能是我国古代工匠在原有玻璃技术基础上,借鉴和吸收了外来玻璃的制造技术,在中国境内自行烧制的。     

关于金长城(界壕边堡)的研究与相关问题

关于金长城(界壕边堡)文献著录与考证的历史回顾.自上世纪三四十年代以来,考古调查与发掘的主要收获.其中包括本人早年三次调查金东北路界壕边堡的发现与成果.与金东北路、临潢路界壕有关的几个历史地理问题.主要从考古学的角度,推断"北方边墙"当属于辽代.金长城(界壕)继承了我国古代长城的一般传统与功能,而且在建造规律、纵深配置与管理诸方面,予后世之明长城(边墙)以直接影响.迄今,关于金长城的分布与配置已大致清晰,但在总长度上的分歧甚大.因此,按统一标准,在统一规划下,对金长城进行精确复查,仍属势在必行.     

巧架精编科学合理——学习《上海年鉴》总体框架设置的体会

本文通过对《上海年鉴》总体框架设置的分析,力求地方综合年鉴的编纂在一级栏目（类目）和相关部分内容的设计上突破以往的模式,努力做到有所创新,突出特色和服务读者,提高地方综合年鉴的质量和使用价值。     

北洋政府的蒙古教育政策

本文主要依据档案资料对北洋政府的蒙古教育政策进行了概要探讨。认为虽然蒙古地区的情况比较复杂,但北洋政府还是出台了一些与蒙古教育有关的政策。这些政策尽管缺乏系统性,但继承了清末教育变革的精神,继续推动了传统教育和现代教育的接轨。这一时期蒙古教育的发展受到了社会动荡的严重影响,但热河、绥远、察哈尔三个有蒙古族分布的地区,其教育还是在困境之中维持或有一定程度的发展,这种发展更多的是来自于上述地区内部的发展要求。     

Stable Isotope Analysis of Human and Animal Remains at the Qijiaping Site in Middle Gansu,China

Intercontinental exchanges between communities living in different parts of Eurasia during the late prehistoric period have become increasingly popular as a topic of archaeological research. The Qijia culture, found in northwest China, is one of the key archaeological cultures that can shed light on trans‐Eurasian exchange because a variety of imports are found in this cultural context. These imports include new cereals and animals, which suggest that human diets may also have changed compared with previous periods. To understand human and animal diets of the Qijia culture, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from human and animal skeletal remains were analysed from the type site of the Qijia culture at Qijiaping. The results demonstrate that human diet at the site mainly consisted of millet and animals fed on millet. C₃ cereals, such as wheat and barley, did not contribute significantly to human diet, and no isotopic differences were found between adult and subadult diets. Furthermore, three outlying human results raise the possibility of exogenous individuals, perhaps in relation to the parallel movement of animals, crops and goods. This study provides human and animal dietary information for evaluating the nature of exchange and diffusion in eastern Eurasia at this time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

马圈湾汉简所见一次发生在车师的战争

敦煌马圈湾汉代烽燧遗址第5号探方所出简牍材料中有一批简文集中反映了王莽时期一次发生在车师的战争。前人多认此役为天凤三年至四年（16—17）的王骏征伐西域战争之结尾。文章对此说提出了商榷,大致推定此役实与王骏征伐西域战争无关。     

马家浜文化区的地理景观

马家浜文化区的环境研究,以往都以1000年左右为尺度,即把马家浜文化作为一个基本时间单元来分析,所得结论是粗线条或大趋势性的。在马家浜文化研究近半个世纪的今天,我们已经有条件提取更多信息,变趋势性考察为过程性研究,进而描绘这一时期更加细微的演化曲线,构建人地关系景观。     

鸠·鸠杖·鸠车

鸠杖、鸠车在汉代甚为流行。对于这一文化现象,作者在对鸠的原始造型及其文化含义作简要分析的基础上,进一步剖析鸠杖、鸠车在汉代受到青眯的原因,指出鸠杖、鸠车流行于汉代是当时尊老爱幼之风甚盛的物质体现。