New Jurassic predatory cockroaches (Blattaria: Raphidiomimidae) from Daohugou,China and Karatau,Kazakhstan

Liang, J., Shih, C. &; Ren, D., October 2017. New Jurassic predatory cockroaches (Blattaria: Raphidiomimidae) from Daohugou, China and Karatau, Kazakhstan. Alcheringa 42, 101–109. ISSN 0311-5518.

Two new species and a new combination in a new genus of predatory cockroaches, Falcatusiblatta gracilis and F. qiandaohua from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, China and F. karatavica (Vishniakova) comb. nov. from the Upper Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Karatau, Kazakhstan are described within Raphidiomimidae. The new taxa are distinguished by the presence of a very long ovipositor (plesiomorphy) and elongate cerci with heteronomous articles and forewing markings with irregular patch-like shapes of light and dark patterns (autapomorphies).

Junhui Liang [liangjh0602@126.com], Tianjin Natural History Museum, 31 Youyi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, PR China; Chungkun Shih? [chungkun.shih@gmail.com], College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China; Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn], College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China. ?Also affiliated with: Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.     

量化数据库与历史研究

历史学在今日仍被视为传统学科之一,但非历史学者借助大规模历史量化数据库进行自然和社会科学研究并取得重要成果的现象却有不断增长之势。不同于传统计量史学和以经济学为代表的社会科学学科所注重的"解释型学术",量化数据库推动的是"求是型学术",即通过统计分析从大规模系统数据中挖掘新事实、产生新认识。中国历史中长期存在规模宏大的户籍登记、土地分配和科考记录等系统材料以及海量文字记录,很多已得到收集和整理,有利于构建大规模数据库并开展定量研究。这种新的研究范式不仅有助于历史学科自身发展,更能够促进跨学科、跨国界的学术交流与融合,并为全面深入认识中国社会历史特征、平衡东西方学术发展作出贡献。     

名同实异——战时国共两党县长的比较研究

抗战时期,国共两党在基层政权建设过程中产生的县长群体,尽管有着大致相同的历史定位,也都承载着国共两党的殷殷期许,但是不同的县政设计理念,形成了县长不同的社会阶层结构;不同的选拔任用机制,又使得县长的年龄结构和教育文化背景相差甚远。体现在县政的运行机制方面,同样反映着国共两党县长各自不同的工作方式与作风,实际施政效果也大相径庭。名同实异的历史面相,大异其趣的精神世界,又在很大程度上积淀了他们不同的生活轨迹和生活作风,形成了各自不同的政治文化,折射着国共两党各自的意识形态符号和象征。     

Spatial Autoregressive Models for Geographically Hierarchical Data Structures

This article discusses how standard spatial autoregressive models and their estimation can be extended to accommodate geographically hierarchical data structures. Whereas standard spatial econometric models normally operate at a single geographical scale, many geographical data sets are hierarchical in nature—for example, information about houses nested into data about the census tracts in which those houses are found. Here we outline four model specifications by combining different formulations of the spatial weight matrix W and of ways of modeling regional effects. These are (1) groupwise W and fixed regional effects; (2) groupwise W and random regional effects; (3) proximity‐based W and fixed regional effects; and (4) proximity‐based W and random regional effects. We discuss each of these model specifications and their associated estimation methods, giving particular attention to the fourth. We describe this as a hierarchical spatial autoregressive model. We view it as having the most potential to extend spatial econometrics to accommodate geographically hierarchical data structures and as offering the greatest coming together of spatial econometric and multilevel modeling approaches. Subsequently, we provide Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms for implementing the model. We demonstrate its application using a two‐level land price data set where land parcels nest into districts in Beijing, China, finding significant spatial dependence at both the land parcel level and the district level.     

高原珍宝话虫草

在青海高原的高山草原上,一个普通的昆虫与真菌的结合体,成为高原奇珍异宝冬虫夏草。在青藏高原海拔3000米以上的高山草原,都有这种被称为冬虫夏草的生物在生长。而这种生物从形态上看即虫即草,却又非     

Amplification and sequencing of Trichuris trichiura ancient DNA extracted from archaeological sediments

Despite high prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection, PCR-based analysis on T. trichiura from archaeological samples has not been established so far. In the present study, we sought to perform PCR-based amplification of T. trichiura aDNA using the sediments from medieval tomb of Korea. The presence of Trichuris eggs were first detected by microscopic observation; then confirmed by PCR-based aDNA analysis. Obtained sequence showed 100% homology to that of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene of T. trichiura but distinct from that of other Trichuris species. PCR-based aDNA analysis in this study can serve as effective method to confirm the presence of T. trichiura eggs in the soils or coprolites collected from archaeological sites.     

财政与皇权的互动——北宋内藏库运作机制之演变

宋初以北伐为目的而设置的内藏库,依靠江南金银课利的固定上供渠道,以及与三司合作设置的市易务收入遗利,储备了大量的国家财政资金。这些财政资金,一方面应对高额的军费支出;另一方面,天子通过借贷给三司或政府,从而支配国家的行政运行,以提升皇权的效能。北宋一百六十七年间,皇权的提升与内藏库运作机制的发展演变交相辉映。     

山东淄博磁村窑址调查

本文概述了磁村窑的釉色品种、装饰特征和烧造历史,分析了磁村窑与邻省窑口和本地窑口的关系,表明磁村窑所烧造的瓷器与北方广大地域内出现的装饰手法相呼应,特别受毗邻的河北、河南等北方著名窑口影响,在吸收它们制瓷技术的基础上,形成了自己的特色产品。同时还表明磁村窑与同处鲁西南的本地窑口所产瓷器的高度一致性。     

明清时期山西民间信仰的地域分布与差异性分析

以明清山西通志和各县地方志中的祠祀部分为主,揭示了山西民间信仰地域分布的差异性及其制约因素.研究指出,泽、潞、平、并四个地区是山西民间信仰分布的中心,其中晋东南泽、潞地区是山西民间信仰最丰富发达的核心地带,晋西吕梁山区则相对薄弱,处于边缘.这一分布态势对地方社会的发展产生了或积极或消极的影响.     

Preparation of a new calcite layer from calcium glycolate for the conservation of sulfated limestone artifacts

A novel preparation method of calcite layer was explored for the conservation purpose of the surface sulfation limestone artifacts. In this method, the alcoholic solution of calcium glycolate was used as a precursor of calcite layer. After application on the surface of gypsum crust on limestone by spraying, calcium glycolate can combine with the carbon dioxide spontaneously and form a compact calcite layer. The obtained calcite layer can act as a shelter and can prevent the gypsum crust from the dissolution damage of the natural precipitation. The protective properties of the calcite layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water erosion resistance, water absorption, colour difference, surface strength, and hardness test. The results revealed that the water erosion resistance, surface strength, and hardness of the treated sample were increased remarkably. Meanwhile, the intrinsic physical properties such as porosity, capillary absorption, and appearance were not affected obviously, indicating a good compatibility of the proposed protection method.