Holocene prehistory of the northernmost north Pacific

We examine evidence for Holocene contact between Asia and North America across what is now the Bering Strait, emphasizing maritime adaptation. After 10,000 B.P. residual influence of the Siberian Paleolithic is clear, and derivative Americans were moving southward along the open Pacific coast and settling in the eastern Aleutian Islands. By 6000 B.P. maritime adaptation is evident in the Kodiak Island region, and expansion westward brought colonization of the entire Aleutian chain of islands before 3000 B.P. In Asia there was marine subsistence on Hokkaido by 6000 B.P, but in the lower Amur River region, the southern and northern regions of the Okhotsk Sea, the coast of Kamchatka, and the Chukchi Peninsula no major maritime interest can be dated until after 2700 or even 2500 B.P In north Alaska, the mainland was cut off from Siberia by 6000 B.P with the rise of postglacial seas, but contact was reestablished 5000 B.P at the cultural level of the nonmaritime Siberian Neolithic. Pronounced marine orientation appears intrusively in north Alaska somewhat before 3000 B.P, when the only known source for the technology was the region extending from the Gulf of Alaska through the Aleutian Islands. Thereafter developed the maritime culture of the historic Eskimo people.     

Book reviews

Nicholas Tarling: South East Asia: Past and Present, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 334, $5.55.

W. H. C. Eddy, ed.: Studies In Demoracy, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 178 + xi, $3.75.

Ruth Knight: Illiberal Liberal, Robert Lowe in New South Wales, 1842–1850, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 299 ‐f ix, $6.00.

B. D. Graham: The Formation of the Australian Country Parties, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1966, pp. 320 ‐f xiv, $6.90.

C. Sanders, ed.: Technical Education for Development, University of Western Australia Press, 1966, pp. 302 ‐f‐ vii.

Cyril Pearl: Wild Men of Sydney, Cheshire‐Lansdowne, pp. 255, $2.50 paper, $4.20 bound.

Bruce Mansfield: Australian Democrat, Sydney University Press, 1965, pp. 322, $3.00.

T. H. Rigby, ed.: Stalin, Great Lives Observed series, Spectrum Books, Prentice‐Hall, N.J., 1966, pp. 182, paperback $1.95, boards $4.95.

D. G. Bettison, C. A. Hughes and P. W. van der Veur, eds.: The Papua‐New Guinea Elections, 1964, The Australian National University, Canberra, 1965, pp. 545, $9.00.

Denis Warner: Reporting South‐East Asia, Angus & Robertson, 1966, pp. 342, $4.50.

Patrick Ford: Cardinal Moran and the A.L.P.—A Study in the Encounter Between Moran and Socialism, 1890–1907, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp. 319 + xxii, $7.50.     

The New Washington Consensus: Millennial Philanthropy and the Making of Global Market Subjects

This paper outlines the emergence of a New Washington Consensus associated with leading philanthropies of the new millennium. This emergent development paradigm by no means represents a historic break with the market rationalities of neoliberalism, nor does it represent a radical departure from older models of early 20th century philanthropy. Rather, it is new in its global ambition to foster resilient market subjects for a globalized world; and new in its employment of micro‐market transformations to compensate for macro‐market failures. Focusing on reforms pioneered by the new philanthropic partnerships in education and global health, the paper indicates how the targets of intervention are identified as communities that have been failed by both governments and markets. The resulting interventions are commonly justified in terms of “return on investment”. But the problems they target keep returning because the underlying causes of failure are left unaddressed.