浅述免费开放后博物馆工作理念的转变

近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展,博物馆事业得到空前发展,博物馆免费开放更是把博物馆的发展推向了一个新的高度.面对新的机遇和挑战,免费开放后的博物馆如何转变已经形成多年的传统工作理念,找准新时期博物馆发展定位,是每一个博物馆人都在探索的新课题.     

Portrayals of Non-North Koreans in North Korean Textbooks and the Formation of National Identity

This article examines the portrayal of non-North Koreans in North Korean textbooks to assess the influences on the formation of North Korean identity, and how such identity formation is important in Kim Jeong-il's retention of power. This study not only looks closely at textual representations; it also examines how political and ideological changes in North Korea had a critical influence on these texts. The study encompasses both lexico-grammatical analysis and the analysis of textual and visual images, based on an examination of six North Korean language textbooks published from 1954 to 2000. It demonstrates that North Korean identity is defined through the portrayal of non-North Koreans, particularly enemy others. The portrayal of non-North Koreans facilitates the formation of a solid North Korean identity – an identity that entails serving their political leaders, remaining vigilant against threats to their country, and liberating South Koreans from poverty and oppression by America and its puppet states.     

地理学学科研究的科学社会学视角——重新审视约翰斯顿《地理学与地理学家》一书

约翰斯顿(R J Johnston)所著《地理学与地理学家》一书既是一本关于英美现、当代人文地理学的学科史著作和科学哲学著作,又是人文地理学的科学社会学著作。前两种价值已得到公认。本文从作者写作目的、写作内容、论述的问题、内容结构、地理学史或地理学思想史中的科学社会学视角五个方面来重新审视该书对地理学本身研究的科学社会学视角。与已有的经典地理学史及其思想史著作相比,该书是当前唯一的将学科史、学科的科学哲学、学科的科学社会学三种视角结合起来来考察人文地理学本身的著作,也是当前唯一一本以科学社会学的视角成为全书基本主线之一的人文地理学理论著作。     

Probable human hair found in a fossil hyaena coprolite from Gladysvale cave,South Africa

Until now, the oldest known human hair was from a 9000-year-old South American mummy. Here we report fossil hairs of probable human origin that exceed that age by about 200,000 years. The hairs have been discovered in a brown hyaena (Parahyaena brunnea) coprolite from Gladysvale cave in South Africa. The coprolite is part of a hyaena latrine preserved in calcified cave sediment dated between 195,000 and 257,000 years ago. This find supports the hypothesis that hyaenas accumulated some of the early hominin remains found in cave sites, and provides a new source of information on Pleistocene mammals in the Sterkfontein Valley.     

五重舍利宝塔研究中的几个问题

针对五代佛舍利五重宝塔研究中所涉及的一些问题,从四个方面进行了详细的论证和研究,首先基于辽代塔的特点,推测最外重的石塔可能会有塔基,而且是须弥座的形式;其次,从舍利具供养体系的角度,探讨“五重”宝塔的数量问题,指出并非随意而做,是有特别涵义的;第三,对石塔上佛像的属性,指出为五方佛和净土世界的三佛;第四,从五重宝塔的分类研究中,发现了其间所隐含的法、报、应三身的问题。     

中国古近代翻铸伪钱现象考察

“古钱之直日以昂,古钱之伪日以出。”中国古代和近代的钱币造伪活动中,以翻铸赝品为最多,“或据真泉而仿铸,或依年号而杜造,铸造不已”。所谓“翻铸”,即依据真钱形制文字,或仅据名号,或完全出自臆想的铸造伪钱行为,翻砂法为其最主要采用的工艺手段。翻砂法是中国古代科技的一项重大发明,     

“弓形器”用途与来源再考

在商周青铜器中弓形器是较为常见的器物之一,为其定名、究其用途,历来学者有不同的看法.本文依据田野考古、传世文献和历史学的有关资料,并结合以前学者所考证的成果,认为弓形器是商周时期贵族辅弓用的工具,即所谓的弼.     

苏州地区周代土墩的发掘与研究

2008年全国文物普查工作以来,苏州市考古研究所在苏州地区西北部70余座山脉发现土墩300多座。土墩均分布在山脊上,有一山一墩、一山多墩以及一山数十墩,大多为西周中期至春秋战国时期的文化遗存。按结构可分为石室土墩与土墩墓:前者为一墩一室,有军事、祭祀、居住、墓葬等多种用途;后者均为墓葬,大多为竖穴墓,有一墩一墓和一墩多墓。墓葬规模和出土文物显示,墓葬大多为吴(越)墓葬,亦有楚墓,其中吴国王陵中存在的盗掘与毁墓现象,应与越国和楚国的报复性挖掘有关。     

The early history of the neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Research on the neurobiology and pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has grown exponentially since 1980. A reasonable question is whether this research has improved our understanding and treatment of ADHD. This article describes relevant developments that took place roughly between 1900 and 1970. During this time, the efficacy of stimulant therapy for the disorder was established and the symptoms of ADHD were linked to many possible nervous system disorders including in the brain-stem, reticular formation, diencephalon, basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cortex. In 1970, the catecholamine hypothesis of ADHD was proposed. It is concluded that early theories about the neurobiologic basis of ADHD anticipated core ideas of modern theory.     

Enslaved African Women in Nineteenth-Century Iran: The Life of Fezzeh Khanom of Shiraz

Fezzeh Khanom (c. 1835–82), an African woman, was a slave of Sayyed ‘Ali-Mohammad of Shiraz, the Bab. Information about her life can be recovered from various pious Baha'i histories. She was honored, and even venerated by Babis, though she remained subordinate and invisible. The paper makes the encouraging discovery that a history of African slavery in Iran is possible, even at the level of individual biographies. Scholars estimate that between one and two million slaves were exported from Africa to the Indian Ocean trade in the nineteenth century, most to Iranian ports. Some two-thirds of African slaves brought to Iran were women intended as household servants and concubines. An examination of Fezzeh Khanom's life can begin to fill the gaps in our knowledge of enslaved women in Iran. The paper discusses African influences on Iranian culture, especially in wealthy households and in the royal court. The limited value of Western legal distinctions between slavery and freedom when applied to the Muslim world is noted.