面向对象的景区总体规划研究

计算机软件工程领域中面向对象的思想和方法,可以引入旅游区规划的研究和实践中。本文以景区为对象,在总体规划层次对其进行探讨。基于面向对象理念,文章识别出了景区的基本对象(类)有:景区、景段、景点,葩嵌景点、光环景点、廓道、背景、旅游服务设施,引景空间、第一印象区、最后印象区,核心区、缓冲区、活动区,解说系统;同时定义了这些对象(类)的属性和功能,认为用它们可以对景区系统进行较为全面、准确的描述。在此基础上,文章确定了景区对象之间的结构和连接关系,对景区对象体系形成进一步的认识,进而提出了面向对象景区总体规划的5个原则:文脉一致原则、继承性原则、封装性原则、粒度控制原则和可持续发展原则,并构建了面向对象景区总体规划的一般框架模式。     

基于城乡能量对比的城市空间扩展规律研究——以无锡市为例

城市空间不断向乡村空间的扩展本质是城乡能量在城乡过渡区相互作用的空间反映,城乡能量是指城乡要素作用在城乡过渡区的强度。本文以江苏省无锡市为案例,采用适用于复杂系统的统计能量分析方法作为定量分析工具构建能量测度模型,测度无锡市1984、1991、1997、2001和2005年5个时期城乡要素能量和综合能量,揭示出城市空间扩展主导方向并非沿着城乡过渡区中区位条件好、城市性较强地域方向延伸,而是指向城乡过渡区中乡村性明显的地域;城乡过渡区的小城镇成为城市空间扩展的重要推动力量,与中心城区一起推动城市性要素流动。     

珍秦斋藏秦伯丧戈、矛考释

珍秦斋收藏的四件伯丧戈、矛,是最近发现的重要秦国文物。本文在考察器物形制和解释铭文的基础上,认为这四件戈、矛属于春秋早期,并结合文献指出,四件戈、矛的器主“伯丧”应是文献所见的大庶长弗忌。铭文还记载了春秋时秦国最初向东方的发展,有特殊重要的历史意义。     

Township/Village Administration from the Late Qing to the Warlord Period

In ancient China, formal government institutions stretched to the county level. This system witnessed a radical transformation during the late Qing and the Warlord period, with various types of township/village administrations mushrooming in many places across the country to meet the requirements of institutional reform and the demands for modernization in local regions. These township/village administrations can be divided into two types: one is the newborn township/village administration in the late Qing dynasty, and the other is the township/village or quasi-administration that evolved from the old localized Xiangdi (local administrative system). Functionally, the former can be further divided into two kinds, the monofunctional township/village administration, which might include education, or police and security, and the multifunctional administration. The latter falls into three categories: some were new-model administrations directly translated from the old rural Xiangdi system; some were subdivisions of the neonatal administration composed of the old local Xiangdi system; and still, others basically reserved the intrinsic property and function of the old Xiangdi system. As political entities, township/village administrations of this era can be further differentiated into those bordering on “self-government” and those lingering under “the official system.” Township/village administration at this time mostly consisted of a standing body, with their personnel, who enjoyed the status of professional civil servants, set up by legal proceedings. Government outlay was sponsored by public finance or tax income, and it assumed all kinds of modern administrative functions, basically of a modern character. Meanwhile, of course, it retained much of its traditional flavor in actual operation. All in all, the birth of this form of township/village administration constituted an important dimension of the modernization of China’s local administration system. Translated from Beijing Normal University Journal (Social Sciences), Vol. 2, 2004, by Sun Yue     

Demythologizing Politicized Myths: A New Interpretation of the Seven Gentlemen Incident

This article investigates a political event in modern China that has received relatively little attention in the West. The Seven Gentlemen Incident occurred in the midst of the national crisis of Japanese aggression, when an independent patriotic movement led by seven Shanghai intellectuals organized the National Salvation Association and urged Chiang Kai-shek to fight the Japanese invaders. The Chiang regime, however, arrested the seven and accused them of plotting to overthrow the government. They were released only after Japan launched a full-scale attack on China in July 1937. Scholars have offered varying images of the incident. While the Seven Gentlemen were denounced as criminals by the Nationalists in Chinese Taiwan, they were respected as national heroes in Chinese mainland. Myths with conflicting viewpoints have been created. What were the life and career backgrounds of these people? Were they petty-bourgeoisie, as some mainlanders assume? Were the seven figures, as mainland Chinese claim, motivated under communist leadership to organize their association? What were their relations with the Nationalist regime and the Communist Party? This article endeavors to answer these questions based on new primary documents in particular archival material and offers new perspectives on this fascinating episode of modern China.     

The multivariate statistical analysis and XRD analysis of pottery at Xigongqiao site

A series of pottery samples excavated from the Xigongqiao site in Tengzhou city of Shandong province was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Together with excavation data and archaeological analysis, the potential for provenance and technology of unearthed ancient pottery was studied by using multivariate statistical analysis and X-ray powder diffraction pattern (XRD) analysis. In order to characterize and classify these earthenware samples, the major and minor/trace element concentrations were studied with both cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that there were three different groups in cluster analysis dendrogram in good correlation with their colors. This indicated that the potteries were made from clays of different composition. These results were in agreement with the results of principal component analysis. XRD analysis further assessed the validity of multivariate statistical analysis.     

敦煌残卷《时要字样》考述

<时要字样>为敦煌残卷,凡存三个写卷,即斯6208号、斯5731号和斯6117号.     

Operationalizing social equity in public policy design: A comparative analysis of solar equity policies in the United States

While it is widely recognized that energy injustices are prevalent in the clean energy transition process, there has been limited research attention on policy efforts aiming to mitigate these inequities. In this paper, we use solar equity policies as an empirical case study to understand how social equity considerations are conceptualized and operationalized in energy policy content. We build upon the policy design literature and code institutional statements of 54 solar equity policies adopted between 2001 and 2021 in the United States. In our comparative analysis, we focus on three levels of policy design elements that can be directly observed in written policy language: macro-policy goal construction, meso-policy instrument choices, and micro-level policy settings and calibrations. We find that the policy goal of energy justice is multifaceted, with a great emphasis on solar energy accessibility and provision of economic benefits and security for disadvantaged communities. There is a dominant preference by policymakers to use redistributive policies and community solar programs to advance energy justice-related goals. Solar equity policy instruments on-the-ground measures have also been calibrated to target specific disadvantaged populations in the energy system, which focus mostly on income-based vulnerability.     

快餐文化的形成及其原因探微

时下社会中一股模式化而易于复制的文化潜流充斥着人类生活的各个层面,在文化领域内出现了"快餐文化"一词,用以表述某种文化